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作者：Braga, Michela; Paccagnella, Marco; Pellizzari, Michele
作者单位：Bocconi University; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; University of Geneva; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper estimates the impact of college teaching on students' academic achievement and labor market outcomes using administrative data from Bocconi University matched with tax records. The estimation exploits the random allocation of students to teachers in a fixed sequence of compulsory courses. We find that teacher effects on students' academic and labor market outcomes are only mildly positively correlated and that the professors who are best at improving the academic achievement of thei...
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作者：Combes, Pierre-Philippe; Decreuse, Bruno; Laouenan, Morgane; Trannoy, Alain
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：The paper investigates the link between the overexposure of African immigrants to unemployment in France and their underrepresentation in jobs in contact with customers. We build a two-sector matching model with ethnic sector-specific preferences, economywide employer discrimination, and customer discrimination in jobs in contact with customers. The outcomes of the model allow us to build a test of ethnic discrimination in general and customer discrimination in particular. We run the test on F...
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作者：Elsby, Michael W. L.; Shin, Donggyun; Solon, Gary
作者单位：University of Edinburgh; Kyung Hee University; University of Arizona; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Using 1979-2012 CPS data for the United States and 1975-2012 NES data for Great Britain, we study wage behavior in both countries, with particular attention to the Great Recession. Real wages are procyclical in both countries, but the procyclicality of real wages varies across recessions, and does so differently between the two countries, in ways that defy simple explanations. We devote particular attention to the hypothesis that downward nominal wage rigidity plays an important role in cyclic...
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作者：Kroft, Kory; Lange, Fabian; Notowidigdo, Matthew J.; Katz, Lawrence F.
作者单位：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; McGill University; Northwestern University; Harvard University
摘要：We explore the role of composition, duration dependence, and labor force nonparticipation in accounting for the sharp increase in the incidence of long-term unemployment (LTU) during the Great Recession. We show that compositional shifts account for very little of the observed increase in LTU. Using panel data from the Current Population Survey for 2002-7, we calibrate a matching model that allows for duration dependence in unemployment and transitions between employment, unemployment, and non...
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作者：Angelov, Nikolay; Johansson, Per; Lindahl, Erica
作者单位：Uppsala University
摘要：We compare the income and wage trajectories of women to those of their male partners before and after parenthood. Focusing on the within-couple gap allows us to control for both observed and unobserved attributes of the spouse and to estimate both short-and long-term effects of entering parenthood. We find that 15 years after the first child has been born, the male-female gender gaps in income and wages have increased by 32 and 10 percentage points, respectively. In line with a collective labo...
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作者：Glaeser, Edward L.; Gottlieb, Joshua D.; Ziv, Oren
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of British Columbia; Michigan State University; Dartmouth College
摘要：There are persistent differences in self-reported subjective well-being across US metropolitan areas, and residents of declining cities appear less happy than others. Yet some people continue to move to these areas, and newer residents appear to be as unhappy as longer-term residents. While historical data on happiness are limited, the available facts suggest that cities that are now declining were also unhappy in their more prosperous past. These facts support the view that individuals do not...
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作者：Beaudry, Paul; Green, David A.; Sand, Benjamin M.
作者单位：University of British Columbia; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of British Columbia; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; York University - Canada
摘要：This paper argues that several of the poor labor market outcomes observed in the Great Recession can be traced back to a change in the demand pattern for skilled workers that started with the tech bust of 2000. In particular, we show that around the year 2000, the demand for cognitive tasks underwent a reversal. In response, high-skilled workers moved down the occupational ladder and increasingly displaced lower-educated workers in less skill-intensive jobs. While these effects were present be...
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作者：Carpenter, Jeffrey; Gong, Erick
作者单位：Middlebury College; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Economic theory predicts that agents work harder if they believe in the mission of the organization. We conduct a real-effort experiment with workers whose mission preferences are known, randomly assigning them to organizations with clear missions to create both matches and mismatches. Our estimates suggest that matching is a strong motivator, especially compared to mismatches. Further, we find that performance pay increases effort, though mostly among mismatched workers who substitute pay for...
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作者：Sjoquist, David L.; Winters, John V.
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia State University; Oklahoma State University System; Oklahoma State University - Stillwater; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Since 1991 more than two dozen states have adopted merit-based student financial aid programs, intended at least in part to increase the stock of human capital by improving the knowledge and skills of the state's workforce. At the same time, there has been growing concern that the United States is producing too few college graduates in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Using microdata from the American Community Survey, this paper examines whether recently adopte...
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作者：Borjas, George J.; Doran, Kirk B.
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Notre Dame
摘要：Knowledge producers conducting research on a particular set of questions may respond to supply and demand shocks by shifting resources to a different set of questions. Cognitive mobility measures the transition from one location to another in idea space. We examine the cognitive mobility flows unleashed by the influx of Soviet mathematicians into the United States after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The data reveal that American mathematicians moved away from fields that received large num...
