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作者：Cowan, Benjamin W.
作者单位：Washington State University
摘要：I develop a model in which individual time discount rates have a larger effect on human capital accumulation when credit constraints are binding. Impatient individuals obtain less schooling when borrowing constraints limit the ability to finance consumption during school. Using data from the NLSY79, I show that self-reported measures of time preferences have a significantly higher effect on the college attendance decisions of blacks than those of whites and the decisions of low-income youths t...
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作者：Oyer, Paul
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作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Autor, David; Dorn, David; Hanson, Gordon H.; Price, Brendan
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Zurich; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Even before the Great Recession, US employment growth was unimpressive. Between 2000 and 2007, the economy gave back the considerable employment gains achieved during the 1990s, with a historic contraction in manufacturing employment being a prime contributor to the slump. We estimate that import competition from China, which surged after 2000, was a major force behind both recent reductions in US manufacturing employment and-through input-output linkages and other general equilibrium channels...
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作者：Cortes, Guido Matias
作者单位：University of Manchester
摘要：This paper presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the effects of routine-biased technical change on occupational transition patterns and wage changes of individual workers using a general equilibrium model with endogenous sorting of workers into occupations. Consistent with the predictions of the model, data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics show strong evidence of selection on ability in the occupational mobility patterns of routine workers, a significant fall in the wage prem...
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作者：Prendergast, Canice
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：This paper's interest is in understanding how bureaucracies should respond to their clients. I claim that because many services are not priced, the responses of bureaucracies to their clients will often be the opposite of the reactions of normal firms. Specifically, bureaucracies ignore the most credible complaints from clients, provide the poorest service to clients who value the service most, and require the most red tape for clients who already know their needs.
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作者：Lazear, Edward P.; Shaw, Kathryn L.; Stanton, Christopher
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Why did productivity rise during recent recessions? One possibility is that average worker quality increased. A second is that each incumbent worker produced more. The second effect is termed making do with less. Using data from 2006 to 2010 on individual worker productivity from a large firm, these effects can be measured and separated. For this firm, most of the gain in productivity during the recession was a result of increased effort. Additionally, the increase in effort is correlated with...
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作者：Hensvik, Lena; Skans, Oskar Nordstrom
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Uppsala University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We provide a direct empirical test of Montgomery's 1991 notion that firms hire workers through social ties of productive employees as these workers know others with high unobserved productivity. We focus on coworker networks and show that firms recruit workers with better military draft test scores but shorter schooling when hiring previous colleagues of current employees, suggesting that firms use these networks to attract workers with better qualities in hard-to-observe dimensions. Incumbent...
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作者：Cunha, Flavio; Heckman, James
作者单位：Rice University; University of Chicago
摘要：A substantial empirical literature documents the rise in wage inequality in the American economy. It is silent on whether the increase in inequality is due to components of earnings that are predictable by agents or whether it is due to greater uncertainty facing them. These two sources of variability have different consequences for both aggregate and individual welfare. Using data on two cohorts of American males, we find that a large component of the rise in inequality for less skilled worke...
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作者：Barth, Erling; Bryson, Alex; Davis, James C.; Freeman, Richard
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; University College London; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper analyzes the role of establishments in the upward trend in dispersion of earnings that has become a central topic in economic analysis and policy debate. It decomposes changes in the variance of log earnings among individuals into the part due to changes in earnings among establishments and the part due to changes in earnings within establishments. The main finding is that much of the 1970s-2010s increase in earnings inequality results from increased dispersion of the earnings among...
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作者：DeVaro, Jed; Kauhanen, Antti
作者单位：California State University System; California State University East Bay
摘要：We use a systems-based econometric method to show that classic and market-based tournament models are empirically distinguishable since the role of risk differs across these models. Implementing the method using a large, Finnish, worker-firm matched panel, we find support for classic tournaments given that promotions depend on relative performance, the firm's wage structure is convex, promotion probabilities are decreasing in the number of competitors, performance is increasing in the wage spr...
