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作者：Butcher, Kristin F.; Park, Kyung H.; Piehl, Anne Morrison
作者单位：Wellesley College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：Using detailed administrative records, we find that, on average, women receive lighter sentences in comparison with men along both extensive and intensive margins. Using parametric and semiparametric decomposition methods, roughly 30% of the gender differences in incarceration cannot be explained by the observed criminal characteristics of offense and offender. We also find evidence of considerable heterogeneity across judges in their treatment of female and male offenders. There is little evi...
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作者：Bhuller, Manudeep; Mogstad, Magne; Salvanes, Kjell G.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Statistics Norway; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：Using Norwegian population panel data with nearly career-long earnings histories, we provide a detailed picture of the causal relationship between schooling and earnings over the life cycle. To address selection bias, we apply three commonly used identification strategies. We find that additional schooling gives higher lifetime earnings and a steeper age-earnings profile, in line with predictions from human capital theory. Our preferred estimates imply an internal rate of return of around 11%,...
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作者：Dillon, Eleanor Wiske; Smith, Jeffrey Andrew
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine how students of varying abilities sort (and are sorted) into colleges of varying qualities. Our data indicate substantial amounts of both academic undermatch (high-ability students at low-quality colleges) and academic overmatch (low-ability students at high-quality colleges). Student application and enrollment decisions, rather than college admission decisions, drive most deviations from academic assortative matching. Financial constraints, information, and the public college optio...
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作者：Nybom, Martin
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：I use Swedish registry data to estimate lifetime earnings returns to college and how they vary with observed and unobserved characteristics. The richness of the data also allows me to examine heterogeneity with respect to cognitive and noncognitive ability and parental earnings. Local instrumental variable analysis is used to recover marginal and average treatment effects under selection on gains. The findings support the notion of self-selection, but mainly on observed characteristics. Return...
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作者：Prada, Maria F.; Urzua, Sergio
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper investigates the role of mechanical ability as a determinant of schooling decisions and labor market outcomes. Using a Roy model with multiple unobserved abilities and longitudinal data from NLSY79, we find that this ability has a positive effect on overall earnings. However, in contrast to cognitive and socioemotional abilities, mechanical ability reduces the likelihood of 4-year college attendance. The rationale for this asymmetry comes from its large estimated impact on earnings ...
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作者：Ashenfelter, Orley; Card, David
作者单位：Princeton University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
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作者：Smith, Jonathan; Hurwitz, Michael; Avery, Christopher
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：We implement a regression discontinuity design using the continuous raw Advanced Placement (AP) exam scores, which are mapped into the observed 1-5 integer scores, for over 4.5 million students. Earning higher AP integer scores positively affects college completion and subsequent exam-taking. Specifically, attaining credit-granting integer scores increases the probability that a student will receive a bachelor's degree within 4 years by 1-2 percentage points per exam. We also find that receivi...
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作者：Zhao, Lingxiao; Burge, Gregory
作者单位：Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China; University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman
摘要：We investigate the relationship between housing wealth, property taxes, and elderly labor supply using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Survey spanning the recent boom/bust housing cycle. When combined with MSA-specific house price indexes, the data provide plausibly exogenous variation in housing wealth, identified through within-MSA renter/homeowner comparisons. Our findings suggest that elderly households respond to variation in housing wealth and property taxes in the predi...
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作者：Calonico, Sebastian; Smith, Jeffrey
作者单位：University of Miami; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper re-creates three of the samples from LaLonde's famous 1986 paper that began the literature on within-study designs that uses experiments as benchmarks against which to assess the performance of nonexperimental identification strategies. In particular, we recreate the experimental data for the target group of women on welfare from the National Supported Work (NSW) Demonstration and two of the corresponding comparison groups drawn from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The lo...
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作者：Bingley, Paul; Martinello, Alessandro
作者单位：Lund University
摘要：We propose a general framework for determining the extent of measurement error bias in ordinary least squares and instrumental variable (IV) estimators of linear models while allowing for measurement error in the validation source. We apply this method by validating Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe data with Danish administrative registers. Contrary to most validation studies, we find that measurement error in income is classical once we account for imperfect validation data. ...
