Journal of Labor Economics

最新文章

• Intergenerational Persistence in Latent Socioeconomic Status: Evidence from Sweden and the United States AI翻译
  作者：Vosters, Kelly; Nybom, Martin
  作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Charlotte; Stockholm University; Stockholm University
  摘要：Recently Gregory Clark and coauthors have argued that social mobility rates are constant across countries and lower than traditionally estimated, hypothesizing that prior estimates of intergenerational persistence are attenuated from focusing on a single proxy for underlying status. We test this proposition by incorporating multiple proxy measures into a least-attenuated estimate of persistence for Sweden and conducting a Sweden-United States comparison. We find no evidence of substantial bias...
• Customer Discrimination: Evidence from Israel AI翻译
  作者：Bar, Revital; Zussman, Asaf
  作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  摘要：This paper studies customer discrimination against Arab workers in the Israeli market for labor-intensive services. Relying on surveys, field data, and a natural experiment, we provide evidence consistent with Becker's customer discrimination model. First, a significant share of Jewish customers prefer to receive labor-intensive services from firms employing Jewish rather than Arab workers; these preferences are most strongly linked to concerns for personal safety. Second, customer preferences...
• The Impact of Expanding Access to Early Childhood Education Services in Rural Indonesia AI翻译
  作者：Brinkman, Sally Anne; Hasan, Amer; Jung, Haeil; Kinnell, Angela; Pradhan, Menno
  作者单位：University of Western Australia; The Kids Research Institute Australia; University of Western Australia; The World Bank; Korea University; University of Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
  摘要：This paper examines the effects of an intervention that expanded access to low-cost, government-sponsored, community-based playgroups in rural Indonesia. Instrumental variables and difference-in-differences models indicate that while the intervention raised enrollment rates and durations of enrollment for everyone, on average, there was little impact on child development. The two models correspond to different durations of project exposure. The difference-in-differences model captures greater ...
• The Effects of Algorithmic Labor Market Recommendations: Evidence from a Field Experiment AI翻译
  作者：Horton, John J.
  作者单位：New York University
  摘要：Algorithmically recommending workers to employers for the purpose of recruiting can substantially increase hiring: in an experiment conducted in an online labor market, employers with technical job vacancies that received recruiting recommendations had a 20% higher fill rate compared to the control. There is no evidence that the treatment crowded out hiring of nonrecommended candidates. The experimentally induced recruits were highly positively selected and were statistically indistinguishable...
• Employment, Hours, and Earnings Consequences of Job Loss: US Evidence from the Displaced Workers Survey AI翻译
  作者：Farber, Henry S.
  作者单位：Princeton University
  摘要：Data are used from the 1984-2016 Displaced Workers Surveys (DWS) to investigate the incidence and consequences of job loss, 1981-2015. These data show a record high rate of job loss in the Great Recession, with serious employment consequences for job losers, including very low rates of re-employment and difficulty finding full-time employment. The average reduction in weekly earnings for job losers making a full-time-full-time transition are relatively small, with a substantial minority report...
• Private Equity, Layoffs, and Job Polarization AI翻译
  作者：Olsson, Martin; Tag, Joacim
  作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
  摘要：Private equity firms are often criticized for laying off workers, but the evidence on who loses their jobs and why is scarce. This paper argues that explanations for job polarization also explain layoffs after private equity buyouts. Buyouts reduce agency problems, which triggers automation and offshoring. Using rich employer-employee data, we show that buyouts generally do not affect unemployment incidence. However, unemployment incidence doubles for workers in less productive firms who perfo...
• Monitoring for Worker Quality AI翻译
  作者：Bose, Gautam; Lang, Kevin
  作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney; Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
  摘要：Much nonmanagerial work is routine, with all workers having similar output most of the time. However, failure to address occasional challenges can be very costly, and consequently easily detected, while challenges handled well pass unnoticed. We analyze job assignment and worker monitoring for such guardian jobs. If monitoring costs are positive but small, monitoring is nonmonotonic in the firm's belief about the probability that a worker is good. The model explains several empirical regularit...
• Looking beyond Enrollment: The Causal Effect of Need-Based Grants on College Access, Persistence, and Graduation AI翻译
  作者：Castleman, Benjamin L.; Long, Bridget Terry
  作者单位：University of Virginia; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：The government has attempted to ameliorate gaps in college access and success by providing need-based grants, but little evidence exists on the long-term impacts of such aid. We examine the effects of the Florida Student Access Grant (FSAG) using a regression-discontinuity strategy and exploiting the cut-off used to determine eligibility. We find that grant eligibility had a positive effect on attendance, particularly at public 4-year institutions. Moreover, FSAG increased the rate of credit a...
• Serial Entrepreneurship: Learning by Doing? AI翻译
  作者：Lafontaine, Francine; Shaw, Kathryn
  作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Stanford University
  摘要：Among typical entrepreneurs, is serial entrepreneurship common? Is the serial entrepreneur more likely to succeed? If so, why? These questions are addressed using data on all establishments started between 1990 and 2011 to sell retail goods and services in Texas. An entrepreneur is the owner of a new business. A serial entrepreneur is one who opens repeat businesses. We find that 25.6% of businesses are operated by serial entrepreneurs. These are the more successful businesses: prior business ...
• Exports and Wages: Rent Sharing, Workforce Composition, or Returns to Skills? AI翻译
  作者：Macis, Mario; Schivardi, Fabiano
  作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bocconi University; Bocconi University
  摘要：We use linked employer-employee data from Italy to explore the relationship between exports and wages. Exploiting the 1992 devaluation of the lira, we show that exporting firms both pay a wage premium above what their workers would earn in the outside labor market (the rent-sharing effect) and employ workers whose skills command a higher price after the devaluation (the skill composition effect). The latter only emerges once we allow for the value of workers' skills to differ in the pre-and po...