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作者：Sarvimaki, Matti; Hamalainen, Kari
作者单位：Aalto University; VATT Institute for Economic Research
摘要：We examine the impact of restructuring active labor market programs for unemployed immigrants in Finland. Exploiting a discontinuity in the phase-in rules of the reform, we find that it increased compliers' cumulative earnings by 47% over a 10-year follow-up period. We attribute these improvements to a more efficient use of existing resources. The reform did not affect total days in training, but it did modify the content toward training specifically designed for immigrants.
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作者：Cunha, Flavio; Heckmans, James
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作者：Foster, Lucia; Grim, Cheryl; Haltiwanger, John
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The high pace of reallocation across producers is pervasive in the US economy. Evidence shows that this high pace of reallocation is closely linked to productivity. While these patterns hold on average, the extent to which the reallocation dynamics in recessions are cleansing is an open question. We find that downturns prior to the Great Recession are periods of accelerated reallocation even more productivity enhancing than reallocation in normal times. In the Great Recession, we find that the...
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作者：Camargo, Braz; Pastorino, Elena
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis
摘要：We analyze commitment to employment in an environment in which an infinitely lived firm faces a sequence of finitely lived workers who differ in their ability. A worker's ability is initially unknown, and a worker's effort affects how informative about ability the worker's performance is. We show that equilibria display commitment to employment only when effort has a delayed impact on output. In this case, insurance against early termination encourages workers to exert effort, thus allowing th...
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作者：Hoffmann, Florian; Lemieux, Thomas
作者单位：University of British Columbia; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper looks at the surprisingly different labor market performance of the United States, Canada, Germany, and several other OECD countries during and after the Great Recession of 2008-9. A first important finding is that the large employment swings in the construction sector linked to the boom and bust in US housing markets is an important factor behind the different labor market performances of the three countries. We also find that cross-country differences among OECD countries are cons...
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作者：Barany, Zsofia L.
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po)
摘要：In the past 30 years, wage inequality has increased steeply while real minimum wages have fallen. This paper demonstrates that a general equilibrium model with endogenous skill choice is required to correctly evaluate the implications of minimum wage changes. The minimum wage not only truncates the wage distribution but also affects skill prices and therefore changes the incentives that people face when making educational decisions. The calibrated model suggests-in line with recent empirical l...
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作者：Bitler, Marianne; Hoynes, Hilary
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Much attention has been given to the large increases in safety net spending during the Great Recession. We examine the relationship between poverty, the safety net, and business cycles historically and test whether there has been a significant change in this relationship. We find that post-welfare reform, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families did not respond during the Great Recession and extreme poverty is more cyclical than in prior recessions. Food Stamps and Unemployment Insurance are pr...
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作者：Card, David; Mas, Alexandre
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Princeton University
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作者：Angrist, Joshua D.; Cohodes, Sarah R.; Dynarski, Susan M.; Pathak, Parag A.; Walters, Christopher R.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University Teachers College; Columbia University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We use admissions lotteries to estimate effects of attendance at Boston's charter high schools on college preparation and enrollment. Charter schools increase pass rates on Massachusetts' high-stakes exit exam, with large effects on the likelihood of qualifying for a state-sponsored scholarship. Charter attendance also boosts SAT scores sharply and increases the likelihood of taking an Advanced Placement (AP) exam, the number of AP exams taken, and AP scores. Charters induce a substantial shif...
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作者：Macartney, Hugh
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper provides the first evidence that value-added education accountability schemes induce dynamic distortions. Extending earlier dynamic moral hazard models, I propose a new test for ratchet effects, showing that classroominputs are distorted less when schools face a shorter horizon over which they can influence student performance. I then exploit grade span variation using rich educational data to credibly identify the extent of dynamic gaming and find compelling evidence of ratchet eff...
