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作者：Pulejo, Massimo; Querubin, Pablo
作者单位：Roma Tre University; Bocconi University; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：What is the effect of politicians' wages on corruption in the presence of criminal groups that use both bribes and violence? With a regression discontinuity design and three distinct proxies for corruption, we show that better-paid Italian politicians are more likely to promote transparency and competition in procurement but also more likely to incur criminal attacks. The effects of wages, which subside after three years, are driven by changes in incumbents' behavior rather than improved selec...
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作者：Daysal, N. Meltem; Pedersen, Mikkel Hasse; Evans, William N.; Trandafir, Mircea
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Notre Dame; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We investigate the effects of radiation therapy on the mortality and economic outcomes of breast cancer patients. We implement a 2SLS strategy within a difference-in-difference framework exploiting variation in treatment stemming from a medical guideline change in Denmark. We reproduce the results from an RCT showing the lifesaving benefits of radiotherapy. We show radiation therapy also has economic returns: Ten years after diagnosis, treatment increases employment by 37 percent and earnings ...
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作者：Hemmeter, Jeffrey; Phillips, John; Safran, Elana; Wilson, Nicholas
作者单位：National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; Reed College - Portland
摘要：We conducted a direct mail field experiment with 4,016,461 individuals to test several key hypotheses about why take-up of Supplemental Security Income among individuals age 65 and above is so low. Communicating likely eligibility in a basic letter generated substantial increases in take-up in relative terms. Adding behaviorally informed statements increased the effectiveness of these communications. Yet, the application rate in our study sample during the full 24-month follow-up period remain...
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作者：Bailey, Martha; Byker, Tanya; Patel, Elena; Ramnath, Shanthi
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Middlebury College; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：We use administrative tax data to analyze the cumulative, long-run effects of California's 2004 Paid Family Leave Act (CPFL) on women's employment, earnings, and childbearing. A regression-discontinuity design exploits the sharp increase in the weeks of paid leave available under the law. We find no evidence that CPFL increased employment, boosted earnings, or encouraged childbearing, suggesting that CPFL had little effect on the gender pay gap or child penalty. For first-time mothers, we find...
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作者：Nathan, Brad; Perez-truglia, Ricardo; Zentner, Alejandro
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas
摘要：In the United States and globally, taxpayers can file a protest to legally reduce their property taxes. While tax protests can provide a unique opportunity to study the (un)willingness to pay taxes, they have received little attention from researchers. Using a field experiment and a quasi-experiment, we study what motivates households to protest their property taxes. We find that both expected savings and filing frictions play significant roles. We estimate the magnitude of filing frictions us...
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作者：Anders, Jenna; Rafkin, Charlie
作者单位：University of Virginia; University of British Columbia
摘要：We study how eligibility expansions in the US Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) affect take-up among previously eligible households and social welfare. Using an event study with administrative take-up data, we document a woodwork effect: Expanding eligibility raises take-up among previously eligible households. An online experiment and administrative survey provide evidence that information frictions, rather than stigma, drive SNAP's woodwork effect. To interpret our findings, w...
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作者：Cunningham, Jamein p.; Gillezeau, Rob
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Toronto
摘要：Using an event-study design, we examine whether states' introduction of duty-to-bargain requirements for police unions led to meaningful changes in civilians killed by law enforcement. We find that the introduction of collective bargaining rights significantly increases the number of civilians killed by police, particularly among non-White civilians, while having limited effects on officer safety. Our results indicate that the adoption of bargaining rights for law enforcement can explain 14 pe...
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作者：Murphy, David M. A.
作者单位：Colgate University
摘要：I evaluate a randomized control trial in rural Kenya in which ication to reduce alcohol abuse. At 16 months post-intervention, the program decreased the likelihood of positive spot breathalyzer tests among men by 14 percentage points (pp), the likelihood of heavy drinking by 19 points, and increased household real annual harvest values by 32 percent. The intervention's success is likely due to a confluence of mechanisms, including expenditure reallocation, improved self-control, and greater in...
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作者：Ibanez, Ana Maria; Quigua, Juliana; Romero, Maria Jimena; Velasquez, Andrea
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; University of London; University College London; Cornell University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We show that exposure to extreme temperatures significantly increases international migration from El Salvador, where nearly a quarter of the population lives in the United States. Extreme temperatures reduce corn yields, leading producers to decrease their use of postharvest inputs and demand for agricultural workers. These income losses, combined with established US migration networks, increase emigration. Our findings highlight how international migration serves as a response to extreme tem...
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作者：Guariso, Andrea; Rogall, Thorsten
作者单位：University of Milano-Bicocca; Uppsala University
摘要：How are ethnic inequality and ethnic violence related? We empirically investigate this question using an innovative measure of resource inequality between ethnic groups, based on rainfall in ethnic homelands during the plant-growing season. Our main dataset covers the period 1950-2020 and includes 250 ethnicities located across 43 African countries. Our results indicate that rainfall-based inequality is a strong predictor of ethnic violence and that the link heavily depends on the power relati...
