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作者：Cherniwchan, Jevan; Najjar, Nouri
作者单位：McMaster University; Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：We test the hypothesis that governments alter environmental policy in response to trade by studying NAFTA's effects on the formation of environmental policy in the US House of Representatives between 1990 and 2000. We find that reductions in US tariffs decreased political support for environmental legislation. This decrease appears to be due to (i) a reduction in support by incumbent Republican legislators in response to trade-induced changes in the policy preferences of their constituents and...
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作者：Gupta, Sarika
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Governments worldwide administer social programs for vulnerable groups, yet many eligible citizens fail to benefit. This paper studies barriers to take-up of an unconditional cash transfer program for poor women in Delhi, India, where only one-third of eligible individuals were enrolled. In a randomized experiment with eligible women, providing program information alone increased applications only among the literate. Adding basic or intensive application assistance, however, raised average app...
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作者：Pless, Jacquelyn
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper studies whether grants and tax incentives for private R&D are complements or substitutes. I use multiple quasi-experimental research designs to examine firms in the United Kingdom and find that increasing tax credit generosity substantially enhances the effect of grant funding on R&D for small firms, suggesting that the instruments are complements. Financial constraints are likely at play. The effects are strongest for firms that appear constrained, and the combination of policies i...
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作者：Ash, Elliott; Galletta, Sergio; Giommoni, Tommaso
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Amsterdam
摘要：Can machine learning support better governance? This study uses a tree-based, gradient-boosted classifier to predict corruption in Brazilian municipalities using budget data as predictors. The trained model offers a predictive measure of corruption, which we validate through replication and extension of previous corruption studies. Our policy simulations show that machine learning can significantly enhance corruption detection: Compared to random audits, a machine-guided targeted policy could ...
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作者：Dorsey, Jackson; Langer, Ashley; Mcrae, Shaun
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Arizona; National Bureau of Economic Research; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：This paper quantifies the value of electric vehicle (EV) charging networks and the marginal value of network speed and density. We estimate a model of gasoline drivers' refueling preferences and simulate how these potential future EV drivers value refueling time under counterfactual charging networks. Drivers value refueling time at $19.73/hour. EV adopters with home charging receive $675 per vehicle in benefits from avoiding travel to gas stations, whereas refueling travel and waiting time co...
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作者：Evans, William N.; Kolka, Shawna; Sullivan, James X.; Turner, Patrick S.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame
摘要：Families in poverty face numerous barriers to establishing stable economic footing. This paper estimates experimental effects of a holistic, individualized wraparound service intervention for low-income individuals. The intervention includes a detailed assessment, an individualized service plan, intensive case management administered by a two-person team with small caseloads, and strategic financial assistance. The program improved employment and housing outcomes two years postenrollment. Give...
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作者：Lichter, Andreas; Loffler, Max; Isphording, Ingo e.; Nguyen, Thu-van; Poege, Felix; Siegloch, Sebastian
作者单位：Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf; Maastricht University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Bocconi University; University of Cologne
摘要：We study how profit taxes affect establishments' R&D activities. Relying on detailed panel data of R&D-active firms in Germany over two decades, we exploit identifying variation induced by more than 10,000 municipal changes in the local business tax rate and federal tax reforms with locally varying effects. Using event-study techniques, we find a sizable, negative effect of profit taxes on establishments' total R&D spending and patents filed. Zooming into the innovation production process, we ...
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作者：Meinhofer, Angelica; Rubli, Adrian; Cunningham, Jamein e
作者单位：Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; National Bureau of Economic Research; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：We estimate the direct and spillover effects of cannabis legalization on longstanding racial disparities in criminal justice outcomes. We find that legalization reduces cannabis possession and sales arrests for White and Black populations, narrowing but not eliminating disparities. We also find spillover increases in hospitalizations involving cannabis and other illegal drugs. However, spillovers on arrests, incarcerations, and crimes involving serious violent or property offenses are insignif...
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作者：Bergstrom, Katy; Dodds, William; Rios, Juan
作者单位：Tulane University
摘要：We develop a framework to bound the welfare impacts of arbitrarily large reforms to notches using two sufficient statistics: the change in the number of households located below the new notch and the change in the number of households located below the old notch. Our bounds hold in a wide class of models, highlighting a new way to use reduced-form bunching evidence for welfare analysis without making strong assumptions on the economic environment. We estimate these two statistics using a diffe...
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作者：Doyle, Joseph J.; Staiger, Becky
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Treatment intensity varies remarkably across physicians, and physicians are increasingly working in groups. This paper tests whether group affiliation impacts physicians' treatment intensity and patient health. Using Medicare inpatient claims data, we focus on internists who switch groups within the same hospital. Event studies show that internists who join more-intensive groups immediately increase their own intensity, with an elasticity of 0.27. This change is reflected in higher Medicare sp...
