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作者：Hansen-lewis, Jamie; Marcus, Michelle
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Maritime shipping emits as much fine particulate matter as half of global road traffic. We are the first to measure the consequences of US maritime emissions standards on air quality, human health, racial exposure disparities, and behavior. The introduction of US maritime emissions control areas significantly decreased fine particulate matter, low birth weight, and infant mortality. Yet, only about half of the forecasted fine particulate matter abatement was achieved by the policy. We show evi...
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作者：Anukriti, S.; Erten, Bilge; Mukherjee, Priya
作者单位：The World Bank; Northeastern University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：We study the impact of women's political representation on the well-being of their female constituents, specifically in the domain of health. Increasing women's political representation leads to greater public provision of reproductive health care services in rural areas. Consequently, rural women can exercise greater control over their reproductive choices through the adoption of modern contraception and increased birth spacing. However, these positive impacts are accompanied by an increase i...
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作者：Morgan, Andrew; Nguyen, Minh; Hanushek, Eric; Ost, Ben; Rivkin, Steven
作者单位：South Dakota State University; Ball State University; Stanford University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：Attracting and retaining effective teachers in high-poverty schools remains a persistent challenge. We evaluate the impact of an initiative that offered substantial performance-based compensation to highly effective teachers in the lowest-achieving schools. We find that the program led to dramatic improvements in achievement, nearly closing the gap between the targeted schools and the district average. When the program was later reversed for some campuses, effective teachers departed at high r...
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作者：Kaplan, Ethan; Spenkuch, Jorg L.; Yuan, Haishan
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Queensland
摘要：We exploit the quasi-random timing of natural disasters to study the connection between public attention to politics and legislators' support for special interests. We show that when a disaster strikes, the news media reduce coverage of politics in general and of individual legislators in particular, and members of the House of Representatives become significantly more likely to adopt special interest donors' positions. The evidence implies that politicians are more inclined to take actions be...
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作者：Dominguez, Magdalena
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Globally, gang proliferation is fought primarily through sweeps. This paper uses a difference-in-differences strategy to examine their causal impact on crime for arrested individuals and their peers. Analysis focuses on the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, which underwent a notable policy shift. Findings reveal significant crime reductions among those arrested and their peers of 85 percent and 31 percent, respectively. Evidence suggests the first stems from incapacitation and the second from le...
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作者：Bukovina, Jaroslav; Lichard, Tomas; Palguta, Jan; Zudel, Branislav
作者单位：Prague University of Economics & Business; Masaryk University; Masaryk University
摘要：We examine business responses to a minimum tax (MT) that prescribed fixed floors on corporate tax liability while permitting MT credit carryforwards. Using 2010-2020 tax-return data on all Slovak corporations, we find that many companies immediately relocated from reporting zero taxable income toward bunching at the new floors. We infer the elasticity of taxable income (ETI) to be between 0.33 and 2.28 across value-added tax (VAT) and turnover categories, and quantify the marginal efficiency b...
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作者：Eerola, Essi; Kosonen, Tuomas; Kotakorpi, Kaisa; Lyytikainen, Teemu
作者单位：Bank of Finland; Tampere University
摘要：We study rental income tax compliance using novel third-party information and a large-scale randomized field experiment. The third-party information combines register data on the ownership and occupancy of apartments. The RCT used this new third-party information in the targeting and design of experimental treatments, and increased the propensity to report rental income and the amount of reported rental income net of expenses. Our research design also allows us to identify members of ownership...
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作者：Moscona, Jacob
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This study investigates the relationship between the management of development aid and violent conflict in Africa. I exploit variation in World Bank project management quality driven by the assignment of project leaders of varying ability, combined with geo-coded data on all projects linked to performance report cards. I find that better project management reduces violent conflict across subnational aid receiving regions. Poorly managed projects increase conflict while well-managed projects do...
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作者：Briole, Simon; Gurgand, Marc; Maurin, Eric; McNally, Sandra; Ruiz-Valenzuela, Jenifer; Santin, Daniel
作者单位：Universite de Montpellier; Paris School of Economics; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Surrey; University of Barcelona; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Complutense University of Madrid
摘要：This paper shows that schools can foster the transmission of civic virtues by helping students to develop concrete, democratically chosen, collective projects. We draw on an RCT implemented in 200 middle schools in three countries. The program leads students to conduct citizenship projects in their communities under the supervision of teachers trained in the intervention. The intervention caused a decline in absenteeism and disciplinary sanctions at school, alongside improved academic achievem...
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作者：Blundell, Jack; Duchini, Emma; Simion, Stefania; Turrell, Arthur
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Essex; University of Bristol; Bank of England
摘要：Since 2018, UK firms with at least 250 employees have been mandated to publicly disclose gender equality indicators. Exploiting variations in this mandate across firm size and time, we show that pay transparency closes 19 percent of the gender pay gap by reducing men's pay growth. By combining different sources of data, we also provide suggestive evidence that the public availability of the equality indicators enhances public scrutiny. In turn, employers more exposed to public scrutiny seem to...
