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作者：Siegloch, Sebastian; Wehrhoefer, Nils; Etzel, Tobias
作者单位：University of Cologne; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Deutsche Bundesbank
摘要：We analyze the effects of a large place-based policy, subsidizing up to 50 percent of the investment costs of East German manufacturing plants. We show that a 1 percentage point decrease in subsidy rate leads to a 1 percent decrease in manufacturing employment. We document important local spillovers for the untreated construction and retail sectors, counties connected via trade, and local tax rates. There is no evidence for regional reallocation, within-irm spillover, or changes in commuting a...
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作者：Lichand, Guilherme; Cunha, Nina; Madeira, Ricardo A.; Bettinger, Eric
作者单位：Universidade de Sao Paulo
摘要：Do informational interventions work because they lead subjects to merely update beliefs in the right direction or, to a large extent, because they increase the salience of the decision they target? We randomly assign parents to either an information group that receives text messages with weekly data on their child's attendance and school effort or a salience group that receives messages that try to redirect their attention without child-specific information. While information has large impacts...
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作者：Lockwood, Ben; Simmler, Martin; Tam, Eddy H. F.
作者单位：University of Warwick; University of Oxford; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of London; King's College London
摘要：We study how UK property tax rates impact commercial vacancies and rents, using new data and exploiting exogenous variations in two major property tax reliefs: small business relief and retail relief. We estimate that both reliefs are effective at achieving their objectives. A given monetary relief per property will lead to a bigger reduction in vacancies for eligible properties if given via retail relief, because small business relief is targeted only at small businesses. Small business relie...
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作者：Sigurdsson, Josef
作者单位：Stockholm University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Labor income earned in Iceland in 1987 went untaxed. I use this episode to study labor supply responses to temporary wage changes. Using a population-wide dataset of earnings and working time and two identification strategies, I estimate intensive and extensive margin Frisch elasticities of 0.4 and 0.09, respectively. Workers with the ability to adjust drive these average responses: extensive margin by young and close-to-retirement cohorts and intensive margin responses by workers in temporall...
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作者：Getik, Demid; Meier, Armando N.
作者单位：Durham University; Lund University; University of Basel
摘要：We study the impact of the early gender environment on inequality in the labor market. To this end, we link primary school data to occupations and earnings. We find that women exposed to more girls at critical ages earn more later on: A 10 percent increase in the share of girls leads to a gender wage gap reduction of 2.7 percent. We explore mechanisms and find a strong selection of women into less gender-stereotypical educational tracks and occupations, leading to higher earnings. The gender e...
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作者：Jones, Daniel B.; Schmick, Ethan
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：The Reconstruction era of American history (c. 1866-1877) saw widespread efforts to educate recently freed people-efforts that were partially curtailed after Reconstruction. This paper examines the impact of childhood exposure to educational opportunity during Reconstruction on later-life outcomes for recently freed people. Using data on the number of teachers in Black schools and a linked census sample, we find that Black children exposed to greater educational opportunity during Reconstructi...
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作者：Mehmood, Sultan; Naseer, Shaheen; Chen, Daniel L.
作者单位：New Economic School; University of Oxford; Communaute d'universites et etablissements de Toulouse (Comue); Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：We provide experimental evidence of teacher-to-student transmission of gender attitudes in Pakistan. We randomly show teachers a pro-women's rights visual narrative. Treated teachers increase their and students' support for women's rights, unbiasedness in gender implicit association tests (IATs), and willingness to petition parliament for greater gender equality. Students improve coordination and cooperation with the opposite gender. Effects are larger when teachers teach a gender-rights curri...
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作者：Bailey, Megan R.; Brown, David P.; Shaffer, Blake; Wolak, Frank A.
作者单位：University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Alberta; University of Calgary; Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：We use a field experiment to measure the effectiveness of financial incentives to shift the timing of electric vehicle (EV) charging. EV owners respond strongly to financial incentives, reducing charging during peak hours by 49 percent by shifting to off-peak hours. In contrast, a prosocial information treatment has no discernible effect. When financial incentives are removed, charge timing reverts to pre-intervention behavior, reinforcing that money matters. Our findings highlight the substan...
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作者：Aidt, Toke S.; Lacroix, Jean; Meon, Pierre-Guillaume
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Universite Paris Saclay; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
摘要：We examine how connections shaped transitional justice during France's post-WWII democratic transition. Parliamentarians who had supported the Vichy regime faced a two-stage purge process involving two courts. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that law graduates-an influential group with ties to one of the courts-had a 10 to 14 percentage point higher acquittal rate. We analyze 17,589 documents in individual defendants' files to explain this difference. According to this anal...
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作者：Neprash, Hannah; McGlave, Claire; Nikpay, Sayeh
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：As cybercriminals increasingly target health care, hospitals face the growing threat of ransomware attacks. Ransomware is a type of malicious software that prevents users from accessing electronic systems and demands a ransom to restore access. We create and link a database of hospital ransomware attacks to Medicare claims data. We quantify the effects of ransomware attacks on hospital operations and patient outcomes. Ransomware attacks decrease hospital volume by 17-24 percent during the init...
