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作者：Cox, Robynn; Cunningham, Jamein P.; Ortega, Alberto; Whaley, Kenneth
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; National Bureau of Economic Research; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida
摘要：Exploiting the arrangement of railroad tracks in northern cities, we explore the extent to which segregation impacts homicide victimization by race. Our results reveal a robust positive relationship between segregation and non-White homicide victimization. In addition, we find a decrease in public provisions, as highly segregated locations generate fewer revenues and have lower public expenditures. Our findings suggest that White flight and segregation deplete the local tax base, leading to ur...
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作者：Dahl, Gordon B.; Engelberg, Joseph; Lu, Runjing; Mullins, William
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California San Diego; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Toronto; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We estimate that 3.1 percent of US voters, or 6.1 million individuals, were registered to vote in two states in 2020, opening up the possibility for them to choose where to vote. Double registrants are concentrated in the wealthiest zip codes and respond to both incentives and costs, disproportionately choosing to vote in swing states (higher incentive) and states that automatically send out mail-in ballots (lower cost). We call this behavior Cross-State Strategic Voting. While others have doc...
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作者：Qiu, Tian
作者单位：University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
摘要：This paper studies the heterogeneous impact of local government spending across racial groups. An exogenous increase in spending results in significant improvement in White, but not Black or Hispanic, labor market outcomes such as employment rate, weekly hours worked, and labor income. These effects on adults translate into their children's academic performance. White students show significant improvement in test scores, but Black or Hispanic students do not. Consequently, the achievement raci...
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作者：Brockmeyer, Anne; Somarriba, M. A. G. A. L. Y. SaENZ
作者单位：The World Bank; University of London; University College London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：Does the digitization of transactions in an economy increase tax compliance? We study the effect of financial incentives on the adoption of electronic payment technology and on tax compliance by firms. Exploiting administrative data and policy variation from Uruguay, we show that (i) consumer VAT rebates for credit and debit transactions trigger an immediate 50 percent increase in the number of card transactions, (ii) firms' use of card machines increases only on the intensive margin, and (iii...
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作者：Pierce, Lamar; Rees-Jones, Alex; Blank, Charlotte
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Behavioral economists have proposed that incentive contracts result in higher productivity when bonuses are loss framed-prepaid then clawed back if targets are unmet. We test this claim by randomizing the pre- or postpayment of sales bonuses at 294 car dealerships. Although somewhat statistically imprecise, our analysis provides strong indications that the random assignment of loss framing had quantitatively important negative effects. We document that the negative effects of loss framing can ...
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作者：Cutler, David; Dafny, Leemore; Grabowski, David C.; Lee, Steven; Ody, Christopher
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Brown University; Northwestern University; Analysis Group Inc.
摘要：We examine whether vertical integration of hospitals and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) could lessen competition by foreclosing rival SNFs'access to lucrative referrals. We find that it could: Among integrated providers, a 1 percent increase in SNF reimbursement for a given patient discharged from the upstream hospital increases the self-referral rate to the hospital's downstream SNF(s) by 1.8 percent. We find no evidence of offsetting benefits for patients and payers: These increased self-...
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作者：Anand, Vaibhav
作者单位：St. John's University
摘要：Significant investments are directed toward improving the accuracy and early availability of forecasts. However, the value of longer lead times on forecasts is unclear. Using data on winter weather advisories and vehicle crashes in the United States, I show that advisories with longer lead times reduce crashes, even when they are less accurate than advisories with shorter lead times. Further, marginal benefits do not decrease with lead time. The benefits come from individual and institutional ...
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作者：Branco, Danyelle; Carrillo, Bladimir; Iglesias, Wilman
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln
摘要：We investigate how individuals alter their educational investments in response to routine-biased technology. We find that individuals growing up in robot-impacted areas are more likely to complete a bachelor's degree and experience a relative increase in earnings. Changes in the skill premium and opportunity cost appear to drive these effects. To interpret these findings, we estimate a model of endogenous skill acquisition where changes in the demand and supply of skills shape the path of earn...
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作者：Gamalerio, Matteo; Trombetta, Federico
作者单位：University of Barcelona; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart
摘要：Fiscal rules, or constraints on the policymaking discretion of elected officials, are widely used to regulate fiscal policies. Using data on Italian municipalities, we employ a difference-in-discontinuity design to provide evidence of the negative effect of fiscal rules on mayoral candidates' education. Municipalities in which fiscal rules meaningfully restrict the action space of politicians drive the effect. These results are consistent with a formal model of fiscal rules and political selec...
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作者：Simonsen, Marianne; Skipper, Lars
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：We employ a large social experiment combined with register-based data, allowing for up to 12-year follow-up to evaluate a long-lasting employer-sponsored health and well-being program. We show that employees at treated worksites receive fewer consultations from their primary care physician and purchase fewer prescription drugs. These effects persist up to seven years after randomization, though with some fade-out. We find no effects on overall hospitalizations in either the short or longer run...
