American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

最新文章

• Place Effects and Geographic Inequality in Health at Birth AI翻译
  作者：Chyn, Eric; Shenhav, Na'ama
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：This paper uses birth records and mothers who move to quantify the absolute and relative importance of birth location for early-life health. Using a model that includes mother and location fixed effects, we find that moving from a below-to an above-median-birth-weight location leads to important improvements in child birth weight, with comparable magnitudes to policies targeting maternal health. Place effects are larger for longer-distance moves and more influential for children of non-college...
• The Not-So-Uniform Effects of Trade Secret Protection on Business Entry AI翻译
  作者：Leblebicioglu, Asli; Savaser, Tanseli
  作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; Baruch College (CUNY)
  摘要：We explore the consequences of trade secret protection for new business formation in the United States. We find the states that adopt the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA), which enhances intellectual property rights, experience an overall decline in firm and establishment entry rates. This result is driven by the reduction in the establishment entry rates of start-ups and small firms. By contrast, the law increases the establishment entry rates of incumbents and larger firms. The negative impa...
• Fiscal Procyclicality in Commodity Exporting Countries: How Much Does It Pour and Why? AI翻译
  作者：Marioli, Francisco Arroyo; Vegh, Carlos A.
  作者单位：The World Bank; Johns Hopkins University; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：A large literature has documented that fiscal policy is procyclical in emerging markets/developing countries and acyclical/countercycli-cal in advanced economies. This paper analyzes fiscal procyclicality in commodity-exporting countries. The paper makes two novel contributions. First, based on the when it rains, it pours phenomenon (that is, contractionary fiscal policy amplifies the business cycle), the paper shows that, on average, government spending magnifies the business cycle by 21 perc...
• Local Labor Market Effects of the 2002 Bush Steel Tariffs AI翻译
  作者：Lake, James; Liu, Ding
  作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; Analysis Group Inc.
  摘要：President George W. Bush imposed safeguard tariffs on steel in early 2002. Using US input-output tables and a generalized difference-in-difference methodology, we analyze the local labor market employment effects of these tariffs depending on the local labor market's reliance on steel as an input and as part of local production. The tariffs did not boost local steel employment but substantially depressed local employment in steel-consuming industries for many years after Bush removed them. The...
• Communication Barriers and Infant Health: The Intergenerational Effect of Randomly Allocating Refugees across Language Regions AI翻译
  作者：Auer, Daniel; Kunz, Johannes S.
  作者单位：Collegio Carlo Alberto; University of Mannheim; Monash University
  摘要：This paper investigates the intergenerational effect of communication barriers on child health at birth. We study refugees in Switzerland who come from French-or Italian-speaking countries and who, upon arrival, are randomly allocated to different cantons in which either German, French, or Italian is the dominant language. Children born to mothers who were exogenously allocated to a region whose dominant language matches their origin language are, on average, 72 grams (or 2.2 percent) heavier....
• International Transmission of Inequality through Trade† AI翻译
  作者：Nigai, Sergey
  作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
  摘要：I examine the international transmission of income inequality through trade. Using firm-level and aggregate data, I find that exporting to more unequal countries increases domestic inequality. I rationalize this finding by developing a model of international consumer targeting in which firms serve specific consumer segments in each market. Inequality in export markets shapes the distribution of firms' profits and, therefore, the incomes of individuals linked to them, widening domestic inequali...
• The Great Recession and the Widening Income Gap between Alumni of Elite and Less Selective Universities AI翻译
  作者：Weinstein, Russell
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  摘要：Using mobility report card data, I show the income gap between alumni of elite and less selective universities widened for cohorts graduating during the Great Recession. This is evident for mean and median incomes and access to high earning percentiles. Results do not appear driven by differences in student composition, including parental income. Using a unique dataset of recruiting strategies for prestigious firms, I highlight one channel through which university selectivity may have a causal...
• Adjustable Product Attributes, Indirect Network Effects, and Subsidy Design: The Case of Electric Vehicles AI翻译
  作者：Remmy, Kevin
  作者单位：University of Mannheim; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
  摘要：This paper develops a structural model of endogenous product attribute choice in the presence of indirect network effects to study electric vehicle (EV) subsidies. Using data on the German EV market, I find that a support scheme almost doubled EV sales but substantially affected EVs' price and driving range. These adjustments create a trade-off between optimizing different policy objectives when designing subsidies. Large purchase subsidies maximize EV sales, whereas large charging station sub...
• Insecurity and Firm Displacement: Evidence from Afghan Corporate Phone Records AI翻译
  作者：Herskowitz, Sylvan; Blumenstock, Joshua E.; Ghani, Tarek; Kapstein, Ethan B.; Scherer, Thomas L.; Toomet, Ott
  作者单位：The World Bank; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Washington University (WUSTL); Princeton University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
  摘要：We provide empirical evidence on how insecurity affects firm behavior by linking data on deadly terrorist attacks in Afghanistan to geolocated data on corporate mobile phone activity. We first develop an approach to estimate the geographic footprint of firms based on employee locations. Using these measures, our main analysis shows that violent shocks reduce local firm presence by both increasing firm exit and decreasing entry. Firms respond most strongly to violence in their headquarters dist...
• The Making of Civic Virtues: A School-Based Experiment in Three Countries AI翻译
  作者：Briole, Simon; Gurgand, Marc; Maurin, Eric; McNally, Sandra; Ruiz-valenzuela, Jenifer; Santin, Daniel
  作者单位：Universite de Montpellier; Paris School of Economics; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Surrey; University of Barcelona; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Complutense University of Madrid
  摘要：This paper shows that schools can foster the transmission of civic virtues by helping students to develop concrete, democratically chosen, collective projects. We draw on an RCT implemented in 200 middle schools in three countries. The program leads students to conduct citizenship projects in their communities under the supervision of teachers trained in the intervention. The intervention caused a decline in absenteeism and disciplinary sanctions at school, alongside improved academic achievem...