American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

最新文章

• Economic Effects of Environmental Crises: Evidence from Flint, Michigan AI翻译
  作者：Christensen, Peter; Keiser, David A.; Lade, Gabriel E.
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Macalester College
  摘要：In April 2014 Flint, Michigan switched its drinking water supply from the Detroit water system to the Flint River as a temporary means to save $5 million. Over 18 months it was revealed that the switch exposed residents to dangerous levels of lead, culminating in an emergency declaration in October 2015. This paper examines the impact of this crisis on the Flint housing market. The value of Flint's housing stock has fallen by $520 million to $559 million despite over $400 million in remediatio...
• Do Tax Incentives Increase Firm Innovation? An RD Design for R&D, Patents, and Spilloverst AI翻译
  作者：Dechezlepretre, Antoine; Einio, Elias; Martin, Ralf; Nguyen, Kieu-Trang; Van Reenen, John
  作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; VATT Institute for Economic Research; Imperial College London; Northwestern University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：We present causal evidence of R&D tax incentives' positive impacts on a firm's own innovation and that of its technological neighbors. Exploiting a change in size-based eligibility thresholds for R&D tax relief, we implement a Regression Discontinuity Design using administrative data. We find significant effects of tax relief on (quality-adjusted) patenting (and R&D) that persist up to seven years, and evidence of R&D spillovers on the innovation of technologically close firms. We can rule out...
• No Spending without Representation: School Boards and the Racial Gap in Education Finance AI翻译
  作者：Fischer, Brett
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：This paper provides causal evidence that greater minority repre-sentation on school boards translates into greater investment in minority students. Focusing on California school boards, I instru-ment for minority (specifically, Hispanic) representation using ran-dom ballot ordering and leverage new data from a statewide capital investment program to capture intradistrict resource allocations. I show that Hispanic board members invest the marginal dollar in high-Hispanic schools within their di...
• Does Pay Transparency Affect the Gender Wage Gap? Evidence from Austria AI翻译
  作者：Gulyas, Andreas; Seitz, Sebastian; Sinha, Sourav
  作者单位：University of Mannheim; University of Manchester; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Yale University
  摘要：We study the 2011 Austrian pay transparency law, which requires firms above a size threshold to publish internal reports on the gender pay gap. Using an event-study design, we show that the policy had no discernible effects on male and female wages, thus leaving the gender wage gap unchanged. The effects are precisely estimated, and we rule out that the policy narrowed the gender wage gap by more than 0.4 p.p.. Moreover, we do not find evidence for wage compression within establishments. We di...
• Dynamic Impacts of School-Based Internet Access on Student Learning: Evidence from Peruvian Public Primary Schoolst AI翻译
  作者：Lakdawala, Leah K.; Nakasone, Eduardo; Kho, Kevin
  作者单位：Wake Forest University; Michigan State University; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
  摘要：We investigate the impacts of school-based internet access on second graders' test scores, using over 2 million student observations from a panel of Peruvian public primary schools. We identify effects up to 6+ years after installation on different cohorts of second-grade students, exploiting variation in the timing of internet access induced by the rollout of a national program. We find positive but modest short-run impacts, but importantly, these effects grow for subsequent cohorts. Indeed, ...
• Incentivizing School Attendance in the Presence of Parent-Child Information Frictions AI翻译
  作者：De Walque, Damien; Valente, Christine
  作者单位：The World Bank; University of Bristol
  摘要：Many countries use CCTs targeted to parents to promote schooling. Attendance conditions may work through two channels: incentiviza-tion and information. If children have private information, (i) pro-viding attendance information to parents may increase attendance inexpensively relative to CCTs and (ii) it may be more effective to incentivize children, who have full information, than parents. Tackling both questions in a unified experimental setting, we find that information alone improves pare...
• How Do Institutions of Higher Education Affect Local Invention? Evidence from the Establishment of US Colleges AI翻译
  作者：Andrews, Michael J.
  作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County
  摘要：I use narrative historical data on site selection decisions for a sub-set of US colleges to identify runner-up locations that were strongly considered to become the sites of new colleges. Using runner-up counties as counterfactuals in a difference-in-difference model, I find that establishing a college causes 62 percent more patents per year. Linking patents to novel college yearbook data reveals that only 12 percent of patents in a college's county came from that col-lege's alumni or faculty....
• Borrowing Costs after Sovereign Debt Relief AI翻译
  作者：Lang, Valentin; Mihalyi, David; Presbitero, Andrea F.
  作者单位：University of Mannheim; Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW); International Monetary Fund; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
  摘要：Can debt moratoria help countries weather negative shocks? We exploit the Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) to study the bond market effects of deferring official debt repayments. Using daily data on sovereign bond spreads and synthetic control meth-ods, we show that countries eligible for official debt relief experience a larger decline in borrowing costs compared to similar, ineli-gible countries. This decline is stronger for countries that receive a larger relief, suggesting that th...
• Coase and Cap-and-Trade: Evidence on the Independence Property from the European Carbon Market† AI翻译
  作者：Zaklan, Aleksandar
  作者单位：Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung
  摘要：I examine the Coasean independence property in a large multinational cap-and-trade scheme for greenhouse gas emissions, the EU Emissions Trading System. I analyze whether emissions of power producers are independent from allowance allocations by leveraging a change in allocation policy for a difference-in-difference strategy. The evidence suggests that the independence property holds overall and for larger emitters and that firms respond to the loss in allocation by increasing allowance purcha...
• Climate Change and Labor Reallocation: Evidence from Six Decades of the Indian Censust AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Maggie; Shamdasani, Yogita; Taraz, Vis
  作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury; National University of Singapore; Smith College
  摘要：How do rising temperatures affect -long-term labor reallocation in developing economies? In this paper we examine how increases in temperature impact structural transformation and urbanization within Indian districts between 1951 and 2011. We find that rising temperatures are associated with lower shares of workers in -nonagricultural sectors, with effects intensifying over a longer time frame. Supporting evidence suggests that local demand effects play an important role: declining agricultura...