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作者：Ajzenman, Nicolas; Cavalcanti, Tiago; Da Mata, Daniel
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Getulio Vargas Foundation; University of Cambridge; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper investigates whether the anti-scientific rhetoric of modern populists can induce followers to engage in risky behavior. We gather electoral information, credit card expenses, and geo-localized mobile phone data for approximately 60 million devices in Brazil. After the president publicly dismissed the risks of the COVID-19 pandemic and challenged scientific recommendations, social distancing in pro-government localities declined. Consistently, credit card expenses increased immediate...
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作者：Ahmad, Saad; Limao, Nuno; Oliver, Sarah; Shikher, Serge
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：We estimate the impact of increased policy uncertainty from Brexit on UK trade in services. We apply an uncertainty-augmented gravity equation to UK services trade with the European Union at the industry level from 2016:I to 2018:IV. By exploiting the variation in the probability of Brexit from prediction markets interacted with a new trade policy risk measure across service industries, we identify a significant negative impact of the threat of Brexit on trade values and participation. The inc...
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作者：Lalive, Rafael; Magesan, Arvind; Staubli, Stefan
作者单位：University of Lausanne; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：A reform increasing the full retirement age (FRA) by one year leads to larger than expected delays in pension claiming and retirement, while making late claiming more lucrative leads to a smaller than expected delay in pension claiming. Survey evidence shows people view the FRA as the normal retirement age and prefer to couple pension claiming and retirement decisions together, even though these two decisions are not coupled through social security provisions. Two mechanisms are at work: refer...
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作者：Figlio, David N.; Hart, Cassandra M. D.; Karbownik, Krzysztof
作者单位：University of Rochester; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Davis; Emory University
摘要：Using a rich dataset that merges student-level school records with birth records, and leveraging a student fixed effects design, we explore how a Florida private school choice program affected public school students' outcomes as the program matured and scaled up. We observe growing benefits (higher standardized test scores and lower absenteeism and suspension rates) to students attending pub-lic schools with more preprogram private school options as the pro-gram matured. Effects are particular...
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作者：Lu, Fangwen; Sun, Weizeng; Wu, Jianfeng
作者单位：Peking University; Central University of Finance & Economics; Fudan University; Fudan University
摘要：By exploiting the large quantity and rich variety of special economic zones (SEZs) in China, this study investigates how such zones affect human capital investment. Results show that SEZs significantly increase the local high school enrollment rate, but the impact varies across zone types: technology-oriented zones encourage education, while export-led zones discourage it. The increased job opportunities and wage premiums inside SEZs for employees with high school education increase high schoo...
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作者：Dupas, Pascaline; Nhlema, Basimenye; Wagner, Zachary; Wolf, Aaron; Wroe, Emily
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Adventist Health Services; AdventHealth; Mass General Brigham; RAND Corporation; Northwestern University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School
摘要：Data from an 18-month randomized trial show large and sustained impacts on water purification and child health of a program pro-viding monthly coupons for free water treatment solution to house-holds with young children. The program is more effective and much more cost effective than asking Community Health Workers (CHWs) to distribute free chlorine to households during routine monthly visits. This is because only 40 percent of households use free chlo-rine, targeting through CHWs is worse tha...
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作者：Nagaraj, Abhishek; Reimers, Imke
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Cornell University
摘要：The free digital distribution of creative works could cannibalize demand for physical versions, but it could also boost physical sales by enabling consumers to discover the original work. We study the impact of the Google Books digitization project on the market for physical books. We find that digitization significantly boosts the demand for physical versions and provide evidence for the discov-ery channel. Moreover, digitization allows independent publish-ers to introduce new editions for ex...
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作者：Li, Cher Hsuehhsiang; Zafar, Basit
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Using administrative data from a large public university, we show that male students are 18.6 percent more likely than female students to receive favorable grade changes made by instructors. Surveys of students and instructors reveal that regrade requests are prevalent and that male students are more likely to ask for regrades on the intensive margin. We corroborate the gender differences in regrade requests in an incentivized controlled experiment: we find that males have a higher willingness...
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作者：Gray, Colin; Leive, Adam; Prager, Elena; Pukelis, Kelsey; Zaki, Mary
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Work requirements are common in US safety net programs. Evidence remains limited, however, on the extent to which work requirements increase economic self-sufficiency or screen out vulnerable individu-als. Using linked administrative data on food stamps (SNAP) and earn-ings with a regression discontinuity design, we find robust evidence that work requirements increase program exits by 23 percentage points (64 percent) among incumbent participants. Overall program partici-pation among adults wh...
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作者：Blonz, Joshua A.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：In many settings, misaligned incentives and inadequate monitoring lead employees to take self-interested actions. This paper identifies and quantifies the costs of this principal-agent problem in the context of an energy efficiency appliance replacement program. I show that contractors (agents) hired by the electric utility (the principal) increase their compensation by intentionally misreporting program data to authorize the replacement of nonqualified refrigerators. I estimate that each unqu...
