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作者：Agha, Leila; Ericson, Keith Marzilli; Zhao, Xiaoxi
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Boston University; Boston University
摘要：We measure organizational concentration-the distribution of a patient's health care across organizations-to examine how firm boundaries affect health care efficiency. First, when patients move to regions where outpatient visits are typically concentrated within a small set of firms, their health care utilization falls. Second, for patients whose primary care providers (PCPs) exit the market, switching to a PCP with 1 standard deviation higher organizational concentration reduces utilization by...
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作者：Arora, Ashna
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Can sanctions deter juvenile crime? Research indicates that they may not, as offending barely decreases when individuals cross the age of criminal majority and begin to face harsher sanctions. Several models of criminal behavior predict, however, that these small reac-tions close to the threshold may mask larger behavioral responses among individuals below the age threshold. Policy variation between 2007-2015 in the United States is used to show evidence consistent with these predictions-juven...
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作者：Beer, Sebastian; de Mooij, Ruud; Hebous, Shafik; Keen, Michael; Liu, Li
作者单位：University of Tokyo; Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
摘要：Residual profit allocation (RPA) schemes have come to prominence in discussions of international tax reform but with almost nothing known about their economic impact. These schemes tax multina-tionals by allocating their routine profits to source countries and sharing their remaining residual profit across countries on some formulaic basis. This paper explores the implications, con-ceptual and empirical, of moving to some form of RPA. Residual profits are estimated to be substantial and concen...
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作者：Miller, Sarah; Wherry, Laura R.; Foster, Diana Greene
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; New York University; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
摘要：This paper evaluates the financial and economic consequences of being denied an abortion. We link credit report data to the Turnaway Study, which collected high-quality, longitudinal data on women receiving or being denied a wanted abortion in the United States. We compare financial outcomes over a ten-year period for women who had pregnancies just above and below a gestational age limit allowing for a wanted abortion. Outcomes evolved similarly for the two groups prior to the abortion encount...
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作者：Aladangady, Aditya; Aron-Dine, Shifrah; Cashin, David; Dunn, Wendy; Feiveson, Laura; Lengermann, Paul; Richard, Katherine; Sahm, Claudia
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This study explores the spending response to tax refunds for Earned Income Tax Credit recipients using a novel dataset combining transaction-based measures of retail spending with administrative IRS data on tax refunds. Our dataset allows us to exploit variation in the timing of EITC refunds, including changes related to the 2017 PATH Act, along with cross-state differences in refund magnitudes to identify spending responses. Results show EITC recipients spend about $0.30 per refund dollar ($1...
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作者：Schmacker, Renke; Smed, Sinne
作者单位：University of Lausanne; University of Copenhagen
摘要：According to theory , sin taxes are welfare improving if consumers with low self-control respond at least as much to the tax as con-sumers with high self-control. We investigate empirically if demand response to soft drink and fat tax variations in Denmark depends on consumers' self-control. We use a unique home-scan panel that includes a survey measure of self-control. When taxes increase , con-sumers with low self-control reduce purchases less strongly than consumers with high self-control. ...
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作者：Nian, Yongwei; Wang, Chunyang
作者单位：Bocconi University; Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School (PKU Shenzhen); Peking University
摘要：Chinese local leaders are frequently moved across prefectures. By combining local leader rotation data and comprehensive firm land parcel purchase data across prefectures from 2006 to 2016, this paper examines how firm-politician connections affect resource allocation and finds that a firm headquartered in a leader's previ-ous work prefecture purchases three times more land parcels in that leader's new governing prefecture than the prefecture-year mean, at half the unit prices. Identification ...
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作者：Buchheim, Lukas; Watzinger, Martin
作者单位：Dortmund University of Technology; University of Munster
摘要：This paper estimates the causal impact of a sizable German pub-lic investment program on employment at the county level. The pro-gram focused on improving the energy efficiency of school buildings , making it possible to use the number of schools as an instrument for investments. It also enforced tight deadlines , reducing poten-tial implementation lags. The program was cost-effective , creating , on average , one job for one year for an investment of euro24,000. The employment gains are detec...
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作者：Anders, John; Barr, Andrew C.; Smith, Alexander A.
作者单位：Trinity University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; United States Department of Defense; United States Army; United States Military Academy
摘要：We compare the effects of early childhood education on adult crimi-nal behavior across time periods, using administrative crime data that provide significant precision advantages over existing work. We find that improvements in early childhood education led to large (20 per-cent) reductions in later criminal behavior, reductions that far exceed those implied by estimates of test score gains in prior studies. While the benefits generated account for a large portion of the costs of the education...
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作者：Moretti, Enrico; Wilson, Daniel J.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco
摘要：We contribute to the literature on the effect of taxes on the locational choices of wealthy individuals by examining the geographical sensitiv-ity of the Forbes 400 richest Americans to state estate taxes. Though we find billionaires'effective tax rates are only about half the statutory rate, their residential choices are highly sensitive to these taxes, as 35 percent of local billionaires leave states with an estate tax. This tax -in-duced mobility causes a large reduction in the aggregate ta...
