American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

最新文章

• Price Sensitivity and Information Barriers to the Take- Up of Naloxone AI翻译
  作者：Jacobson, Mireille; Powell, David
  作者单位：University of Southern California
  摘要：We conducted a field experiment that randomized advertisements, advertisement content, and prices across 2,204 counties in the United States to study the impacts on online purchases of naloxone, an opioid overdose reversal drug. Advertising increased website users but only impacted purchases when combined with a price reduction. Messages emphasizing the discreet nature of online sales had no additional impact on purchases. Comparing counties with advertisements featuring a highly discounted pr...
• How Do Copayment Coupons Affect Branded Drug Prices and Quantities Purchased? AI翻译
  作者：Dafny, Leemore; Ho, Kate; Kong, Edward
  作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
  摘要：We estimate the causal effects of drug copayment coupons, , which reduce consumer cost sharing for branded prescription drugs, on net-of-rebate price and quantities sold. We show that coupon introductions increase the quantity of drugs without generic substitutes sold by 23-25 - 25 percent for the commercial segment relative to Medicare Advantage, , where coupons are banned. To quantify the resulting equilibrium price effects, we estimate a discrete choice model of demand for multiple sclerosi...
• * Dahl: ) ; Rooth: ) ; Stenberg: ( email: anders.stenberg@sofi.su.se). ) . C. Kirabo Jackson was coeditor for this article. AI翻译
  作者：Dahl, Gordon B.; Rooth, Dan-Olof; Stenberg, Anders
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Stockholm University; Linnaeus University
  摘要：This paper estimates family spillovers in high school major choice in Sweden, , where admission to oversubscribed majors is determined based on GPA. Using a regression discontinuity design, , we find large sibling and intergenerational spillovers that depend on the sex mix of a dyad. Same-sex siblings copy one another, , while younger brothers recoil from an older sister's choices. Fathers and mothers influence sons but not their daughters, , except when a mother majors in the male-dominated p...
• Public Pensions and Private Savingst AI翻译
  作者：Garcia-Miralles, Esteban; Leganza, Jonathan M.
  作者单位：Banco de Espana; Clemson University
  摘要：How does the provision of public pension benefits impact private savings? We answer this question in the context of a Danish reform that increased social security eligibility ages. Using administrative data and a regression discontinuity design , we identify the causal effects of the policy on savings throughout the financial portfolio. We find increases in contributions to personal and employer -sponsored retirement accounts when delayed benefit eligibility induces extended employment. We arg...
• Fighting Crime in Lawless Areas: Evidence from Slums in Rio de Janeiro AI翻译
  作者：Bellego, Christophe; Drouard, Joeffrey
  作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Cote d'Azur
  摘要：We use Rio de Janeiro's slum pacification program initiated in 2008 to analyze the effect of policies targeting crime in lawless areas. We correct the bias from the unobserved rise in crime reporting via the use of a proxy variable and bounded variation assumptions. We find that the program reduced the murder and robbery rates but strongly increased the assault and threat rates. We explain these results by providing evidence that increased enforcement weakened the security service that gangs p...
• Hospital Queues, Patient Health, and Labor Supply AI翻译
  作者：Godoy, Anna; Haaland, Venke f.; Huitfeldt, Ingrid; Votruba, Mark
  作者单位：Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH); University of Oslo; University of Oslo; Universitetet i Stavanger; Statistics Norway; BI Norwegian Business School; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; MetroHealth System
  摘要：Long waits for health care raise concerns about the consequences of delayed treatment. We use variation in queue congestion to estimate effects of wait time for orthopedic surgery. We do not find that longer wait times lead to increased health care utilization. However , we do find persistent reductions in labor supply: long waits increase medium to long-term work absences and permanent disability receipt. Effects are driven by individuals who are on sick leave at referral. Our results are con...
• Efficiency and Incidence of Taxation with Free Entry and Love-of-Variety Preferences t AI翻译
  作者：Kroft, Kory; Laliberte, Jean-William; Leal-Vizcaino, Rene; Notowidigdo, Matthew J.
  作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Calgary; Colegio de Mexico; University of Chicago
  摘要：We develop a theory of commodity taxation featuring imperfect competition along with love-of-variety preferences and endogenous firm entry and exit. We derive new formulas for the efficiency and pass-through of specific and ad valorem taxes. These formulas unify existing canonical ones and feature a new term capturing the effect of variety on consumer surplus. As a proof of concept, we use theoretical formulas to identify love-of-variety preferences in an empirical application. Our welfare ana...
• Did the Paycheck Protection Program Help Small Businesses? Evidence from Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities AI翻译
  作者：Agarwal, Sumit; Ambrose, Brent W.; Lopez, Luis A.; Xiao, Xue
  作者单位：National University of Singapore; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
  摘要：In this study, , we examine the broader economic effects of the US federal government's Paycheck Protection Program by focusing on the performance of securitized commercial mortgages. We provide novel evidence for spillover effects of government interventions in the face of economic crises. We find that the PPP reduced mortgage delinquencies by approximately $36 billion in 2020. The strongest effects occur when PPP funds targeted businesses in areas most affected by COVID-19,- 19 , where banks...
• State Taxation of Nonresident Income and the Location of Work AI翻译
  作者：Agrawal, David R.; Tester, Kenneth
  作者单位：University of Kentucky; University of Kentucky; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Exeter
  摘要：Prior studies show that taxes matter for the residential locations of high-income earners. But states raise a significant share of revenue from nonresidents. Using variation in state tax rates, we provide causal evidence on the effect of the net -of -tax rate on the location of labor supply for professional golfers. State taxes induce high-income earners to shift employment to low-tax states without a residence change. The elasticity of working in a state is 0.34 and, consistent with the super...
• Behavioral Responses to State Income Taxation of High Earners: Evidence from California AI翻译
  作者：Rauh, Joshua; Shyu, Ryan
  作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：Using administrative data, we analyze the response to Proposition 30, a 2012 measure that increased California marginal tax rates by up to 3 percentage points for high -income households. Relative to baseline departure rates, an additional 0.8 percent of the residential tax base that landed in the top bracket left California in 2013. Using matched out-of-state taxpayers as controls reveals an income elasticity with respect to the marginal net -of -tax rate of 2.5-3.2 for high earners who staye...