American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

最新文章

• Do Family Policies Reduce Gender Inequality? Evidence from 60 Years of Policy Experimentations AI翻译
  作者：Kleven, Henrik; Landais, Camille; Posch, Johanna; Steinhauer, Andreas; Zweimueller, Josef
  作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Princeton University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Analysis Group Inc.; University of Edinburgh; University of Zurich
  摘要：Do family policies reduce gender inequality in the labor market? We contribute to this debate by investigating the joint impact of parental leave and childcare, using administrative data covering Austrian workers over more than half a century. We start by quasi-experimentally identifying the causal effects of all family policy reforms since the 1950s on the full dynamics of male and female earnings. We then map these causal estimates into a decomposition framework to compute counterfactual gen...
• The Introduction of the Income Tax, Fiscal Capacity, and Migration: Evidence from US States AI翻译
  作者：Cassidy, Traviss; Dincecco, Mark; Troiano, Ugo Antonio
  作者单位：University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of California System; University of California Riverside
  摘要：We evaluate how fiscal capacity and migration respond to the introduction of the individual income tax, drawing on new panel data on US states from 1900 to 2010. We find that the introduction of the income tax increased revenue per capita by 12 percent in the short term, 15 percent in the medium term, and 17 percent in the long term. The absolute level of revenue, however, did not significantly change over the long term for post -World War II adopters. To explain this, we show that the introdu...
• Migrants at Sea: Unintended Consequences of Search and Rescue Operations AI翻译
  作者：Deiana, Claudio; Maheshri, Vikram; Mastrobuoni, Giovanni
  作者单位：University of Cagliari; University of Houston System; University of Houston; Collegio Carlo Alberto; University of Turin; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
  摘要：Many countries are facing and resisting strong migratory pressure, fueling irregular migration. In response to mounting deaths in the Central Mediterranean, European nations intensified rescue operations in 2013. We develop a model of irregular migration to identify the effects of these operations. We find that smugglers responded by sending boats in adverse weather and utilizing flimsy rafts, thus inducing more crossings in dangerous conditions and ultimately offsetting intended safety benefi...
• Does Health-Care Consolidation Harm Patients? Evidence from Maternity Ward Closures AI翻译
  作者：Avdic, Daniel; Lundborg, Petter; Vikstrom, Johan
  作者单位：Deakin University; Lund University; Uppsala University; Uppsala University
  摘要：We study how closures of maternity wards affect maternal and neonatal health. Using data on all hospital births in Sweden between 1990 and 2004, we compare changes in birth -related outcomes across hospital catchment areas that were differently exposed to ward closures. Our findings show that the closures increased maternal obstetric trauma but also decreased fetal stress and infant trauma among newborns. Adverse maternal outcomes are mainly driven by ward overcrowding, whereas increases in tr...
• Addressing Environmental Justice through In-Kind Court Settlementst AI翻译
  作者：Campa, Pamela; Muehlenbachs, Lucija
  作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Stockholm School of Economics; University of Calgary; Resources for the Future
  摘要：In US environmental court cases, a cash penalty can be mitigated if a defendant volunteers to undertake an in -kind project, such as retrofitting school buses or building a public park. A goal of the policy is to address environmental justice concerns for low-income and minority populations, yet the historical record shows in -kind settlements most likely occur in cases involving high -income, majority -White communities. A choice experiment reveals that the public prefers in -kind settlements...
• Corporate Taxation and Evasion Responses: Evidence from a Minimum Tax in Honduras AI翻译
  作者：Lobel, Felipe; Scot, Thiago; Zuniga, Pedro
  作者单位：The World Bank; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：We study corporate responses to a minimum income tax, using the universe of corporate tax filings in Honduras. The policy design allows us to separately estimate cost misreporting under profit taxation and the elasticity of reported revenue. Large corporations overreport true costs when taxed on profits. Taxing revenue leads to a substantial decrease in reported revenues: we estimate an elasticity in the range 0.35-1. The elasticity of revenue is attenuated when third -party information on the...
• Government Transfers and Votes for State Intervention AI翻译
  作者：Albanese, Giuseppe; De Blasio, Guido; Incoronato, Lorenzo
  作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; University of London; University College London
  摘要：Government transfers might have long-lasting consequences on electoral outcomes. We study a regional policy implemented in Italy over the second half of the twentieth century and leverage variation in transfers to show that parties promoting more state intervention in the economy performed better in the targeted areas relative to places that were not subsidized, decades after the end of the policy. This effect does not seem to mirror long-term differences in the economic performance of treated...
• Killing Prescriptions Softly: Low Emission Zones and Child Health from Birth to Schools AI翻译
  作者：Klauber, Hannah; Holub, Felix; Koch, Nicolas; Pestel, Nico; Ritter, Nolan; Rohlf, Alexander
  作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; Maastricht University; Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC)
  摘要：We examine the persistence of the impact of early -life exposure to air pollution on children's health from birth to school enrollment using administrative public health insurance records covering one-third of all children in Germany. For identification , we exploit air quality improvements caused by Low Emission Zones , a policy imposing driving restrictions on emission -intensive vehicles. Our results indicate that children exposed to cleaner air in utero and their first year of life require...
• Managers' Productivity and Recruitment in the Public Sector AI翻译
  作者：Munoz, Pablo; Prem, Mounu
  作者单位：Universidad de Chile; Getulio Vargas Foundation; National University of Rosario
  摘要：Governments face many constraints in attracting talented managers to the public sector, which often lacks high-powered incentives. In this paper, we study how a civil service reform in Chile changed the effectiveness of a vital group of public sector managers: school principals. First, we estimate principal effectiveness by using an extension of the canonical teacher value-added model. Then we evaluate the effect of the reform on principal effectiveness using a difference-in-differences approa...
• The Indirect Fiscal Benefits of Low-Skilled Immigration† AI翻译
  作者：Colas, Mark; Sachs, Dominik
  作者单位：University of Oregon; University of St Gallen
  摘要：Low -skilled immigrants indirectly affect public finances through their effect on resident wages and labor supply. We operationalize this indirect fiscal effect in a model of immigration and the labor market. We derive closed -form expressions for this effect in terms of estimable statistics. An empirical quantification for the United States reveals an indirect fiscal benefit for one average low -skilled immigrant of roughly $750 annually. The indirect fiscal benefit may outweigh the negative ...