-
作者：Garlick, Robert
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：I study the relative academic performance of students tracked or randomly assigned to South African university dormitories. Tracking reduces low-scoring students' GPAs and has little effect on high-scoring students, leading to lower and more dispersed GPAs. I also directly estimate peer effects using random variation in peer groups across dormitories. Living with higher-scoring peers raises students' GPAs, particularly for low-scoring students, and peer effects are stronger between socially pr...
-
作者：Nicoletti, Cheti; Salvanes, Kjell G.; Tominey, Emma
作者单位：University of York - UK; University of Essex; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of York - UK
摘要：The historical rise in female labor force participation has flattened in recent decades, but the proportion of mothers working full time has increased. We provide the first empirical evidence that the increase in mothers' working hours is amplified through the influence of family peers. For identification, we exploit partially overlapping peer groups. Using Norwegian administrative data, we find positive and statistically significant family peer effects, but only on the intensive margin of wom...
-
作者：Marx, Benjamin M.; Turner, Lesley J.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We estimate the effect of grant aid on City University of New York (CUNY) students' borrowing and attainment using a regression discontinuity/kink design based on the federal Pell Grant formula. Each dollar of grant aid reduces loans by $1.80 among borrowers. We only find crowd-out of this magnitude in colleges that, like CUNY, offer no loon aid and require students to opt into borrowing. We develop and empirically support a model that shows opt-in or other fixed borrowing costs can lead grant...
-
作者：Abdulkadiroglu, Atila; Pathak, Parag A.; Walters, Christopher R.
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：A central argument for school choice is that parents can choose schools wisely. This principle may underlie why lottery-based school evaluations have almost always reported positive or zero achievement effects. This paper reports on a striking counterexample to these results. We use randomized lotteries to evaluate the Louisiana Scholarship Program, a voucher plan that provides public funds for disadvantaged students to attend private schools. LSP participation lowers math scores by 0.4 standa...
-
作者：Avdic, Daniel; Karimi, Arizo
作者单位：University of Duisburg Essen; Uppsala University
摘要：We study how relationship stability of couples is affected by an increase in fathers' involvement in staying home from work with young children. We make use of a parental leave reform in Sweden that earmarked one month of paid leave to each parent in a regression discontinuity difference-in-differences (RD-DD) framework. Couples who were affected by the reform increased the take-up of fathers' leave but also increased their probability of separation compared to unaffected couples. We argue tha...
-
作者：Hedegaard, Morten Storling; Tyran, Jean-Robert
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Vienna; University of Copenhagen; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We present a new type of field experiment to investigate ethnic prejudice in the workplace. Our design allows us to study how potential discriminators respond to changes in the cost of discrimination. We find that ethnic discrimination is common but highly responsive to the price of prejudice, i.e., to the opportunity cost of choosing a less productive worker on ethnic grounds. Discriminators are on average willing to forego 8 percent of their earnings to avoid a coworker of the other ethnic t...
-
作者：Dix-Carneiro, Rafael; Soares, Rodrigo R.; Ulyssea, Gabriel
作者单位：Duke University; Columbia University; Getulio Vargas Foundation; Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro; University of Oxford
摘要：This paper studies the effect of changes in economic conditions on crime. We exploit the 1990s trade liberalization in Brazil as a natural experiment generating exogenous shocks to local economies. We document that regions exposed to larger tariff reductions experienced a temporary increase in crime following liberalization. Next, we investigate through what channels the trade-induced economic shocks may have affected crime. We show that the shocks had significant effects on potential determin...
-
作者：Blattman, Christopher; Dercon, Stefan
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Oxford; University of Oxford
摘要：Working with five Ethiopian firms, we randomized applicants to an industrial job offer, an entrepreneurship program of $300 plus business training, or control status. Industrial jobs offered more and steadier hours but low wages and risky conditions. The job offer doubled exposure to industrial work but, since most quit within months, had no impact on employment or income after a year. Applicants largely took industrial work to cope with adverse shocks. This exposure, meanwhile, significantly ...
-
作者：Dupas, Pascaline; Karlan, Dean; Robinson, Jonathan; Ubfal, Diego
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Bocconi University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We expertmentally test the impact of expanding access to basic bank accounts in Uganda. Malawi, and Chile. Over two years, 17, 10, and 3 percent of treatment individuals made five or more deposits, respectively. Average monthly deposits in treatment accounts were sizable among users, corresponding to the seventy-ninth, ninety-first, and ninety-sixth percentiles of baseline savings. Survey data show no discernible intention-to-treat effects on savings or any downstream outcomes, though we canno...
-
作者：Aizer, Anna; Currie, Janet; Simon, Peter; Vivier, Patrick
作者单位：Brown University; Princeton University; Brown University; Brown University
摘要：We construct a unique individual-level dataset linking preschool blood lead levels with third grade test scores for Rhode Island children born 1997-2005. Using two identification strategies, we show for the first time that reductions of lead from even historically low levels have significant positive effects. A one-unit decrease in average blood lead levels reduces the probability of being substantially below proficient in reading (math) by 0.96 (0.79) percentage points on a baseline of 12 (16...
