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作者：Deserranno, Erika; Stryjan, Miri; Sulaiman, Munshi
作者单位：Northwestern University; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
摘要：In developing countries, NGOs and governments often rely on local groups for the delivery of financial and public services. This paper studies how the design of rules used for group leader selection affects leader identity and shapes service delivery. To do so, we randomly assign newly formed savings and loan groups to select their leaders using either a public discussion procedure or a private vote procedure. Leaders selected with a private vote are found to be less positively selected on soc...
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作者：de Mel, Suresh; McKenzie, David; Woodruff, Christopher
作者单位：University of Peradeniya; The World Bank; University of Oxford
摘要：A field experiment in Sri Lanka provided wage subsidies to randomly chosen microenterprises to test whether hiring additional labor benefits such firms and whether a short-term subsidy can have a lasting impact on firm employment. Using 12 rounds of surveys to track dynamics 4 years after treatment, we find that firms increased employment during the subsidy period. Treated firms were more likely to survive, but there was no lasting impact on employment and no effect on profitability or sales e...
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作者：Kleven, Henrik; Landais, Camille; Sogaard, Jakob Egholt
作者单位：Princeton University; Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Copenhagen
摘要：Using Danish administrative data, we study the impacts of children on gender inequality in the labor market. The arrival of children creates a long-run gender gap in earnings of around 20 percent driven by hours worked, participation, and wage rates. We identify mechanisms driving these child penalties in terms of occupation, sector, and firm choices. We find that the fraction of gender inequality caused by child penalties has featured a dramatic increase over the last three to four decades. F...
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作者：Denning, Jeffrey T.; Marx, Benjamin M.; Turner, Lesley J.
作者单位：Brigham Young University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We estimate effects of the Pell Grant-the largest US federal grant for college students-using administrative data from Texas public colleges and a discontinuity in grant generosity for low-income students. Within four-year institutions, eligibility for additional grant aid significantly increases first-time students' degree completion and later earnings. Our estimated impacts on earnings alone are enough to fully recoup government expenditures within 10 years, suggesting that financial aid lik...
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作者：Celhay, Pablo A.; Gertler, Paul J.; Giovagnoli, Paula; Vermeersch, Christel
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; The World Bank; The World Bank
摘要：We show that costs of adjustment as opposed to low perceived value may explain why improved quality care practices diffuse slowly in the medical industry. Using a randomized field experiment conducted in Argentina, we find that temporary financial incentives paid to health clinics for the early initiation of prenatal care motivated providers to test and develop new strategies to locate and encourage pregnant women to seek care in the first trimester of pregnancy. These innovations raised the r...
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作者：Harmon, Nikolaj; Fisman, Raymond; Kamenica, Emir
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Boston University; University of Chicago
摘要：We exploit seating rules in the European Parliament to identify peer effects in legislative voting. Sitting adjacently leads to a 7 percent reduction in the overall likelihood that two members of the European Parliament (MEPs) from the same party differ in their vote. Peer effects are markedly stronger among pairs of women, MEP pairs from the same country, and in close votes. Using variation in seating across the parliament's two venues (Brussels and Strasbourg), we show that peer effects are ...
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作者：Ang, Desmond
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：In 2013, the Supreme Court struck down parts of the Voting Rights Act that mandated federal oversight of election laws in discriminatory jurisdictions, prompting a spate of controversial new voting rules. Utilizing difference-in-differences to examine the act's 1975 revision, I provide the first estimates of the effects of preclearance oversight. I find that preclearance increased long-run voter turnout by 4-8 percentage points, due to lasting gains in minority participation. Surprisingly, Dem...
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作者：Billings, Stephen B.; Deming, David J.; Ross, Stephen L.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Harvard University; University of Connecticut
摘要：Social interactions may explain the large variance in criminal activity across neighborhoods and time. We present direct evidence of social spillovers in crime using random variation in neighborhood residence along opposite sides of a newly drawn school boundary. We first show evidence for agglomeration effects-within small neighborhood areas, grouping more disadvantaged students together in the same school increases total crime. We then show that these youths are more likely to be arrested fo...
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作者：Nyqvist, Martina Bjorkman; Guariso, Andrea; Svensson, Jakob; Yanagizawa-Drott, David
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Trinity College Dublin; Stockholm University; University of Zurich
摘要：The delivery of basic health products and services remains abysmal in many parts of the world where child mortality is high. This paper shows the results from a large-scale randomized evaluation of a novel approach to health care delivery In randomly selected villages, a sales agent was locally recruited and incentivized to conduct home visits, educate households on essential health behaviors, provide medical advice and referrals, and sell preventive and curative health products. Results after...
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作者：Barrera-Osorio, Felipe; Linden, Leigh L.; Saavedra, Juan E.
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Southern California
摘要：In 2005 the city of Bogota, Colombia, introduced three conditional cash transfer programs for secondary schooling, randomly assigning socioeconomically disadvantaged students to different payment structures. We show, through administrative data, that forcing families to save one-third of the transfer increases long-term human capital accumulation by means of additional tertiary education-which is not incentivized-, casting doubt on conditionalities as a driving mechanism. Directly incentivizin...
