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作者：Gowrisankaran, Gautam; Reynolds, Stanley S.; Samano, Mario
作者单位：University of Arizona; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A key problem with solar energy is intermittency: solar generators produce only when the sun is shining, adding to social costs and requiring electricity system operators to reoptimize key decisions. We develop a method to quantify the economic value of large-scale renewable energy. We estimate the model for southeastern Arizona. Not accounting for offset carbon dioxide, we find social costs of $138.40 per megawatt hour for 20 percent solar generation, of which unforecastable intermittency acc...
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作者：Lagakos, David
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Many macroeconomists argue that productivity is low in developing countries because of frictions that impede the adoption of modern technologies. I argue that in the retail trade sector, developing countries rationally choose technologies with low measured labor productivity. My theory is that the adoption of modern retail technologies is optimal only when household ownership of complementary durable goods, such as cars, is widespread. Because income is low in the developing world, households ...
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作者：Mitch, David
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County
摘要：The year 1946 has been seen as a pivotal year of transition by historians of the Chicago Economics Department, in large part as a result of the arrival of Milton Friedman that year. This essay examines new evidence on department deliberations on faculty hiring in February of 1946. It argues that Friedman's recruitment reflected a compromise between Frank Knight and his followers on the one hand and those associated with the Cowles Commission on the other.
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作者：Naidu, Suresh; Nyarko, Yaw; Wang, Shing-Yi
作者单位：Columbia University; New York University; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：By exploiting a reform in the United Arab Emirates that relaxed restrictions on employer transitions, we provide new estimates of the monopsony power of firms over migrant workers. Our results show that the reform increased incumbent migrants' earnings and firm retention. This occurs despite an increase in employer transitions and is driven by a fall in country exits. While the outcomes of incumbents improved, the reform decreased demand for new migrants and lowered their earnings. These resul...
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作者：Acemoglu, Daron; Akcigit, Ufuk; Hanley, Douglas; Kerr, William
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Harvard University
摘要：We develop an endogenous growth model in which clean and dirty technologies compete in production. Research can be directed to either technology. If dirty technologies are more advanced, the transition to clean technology can be difficult. Carbon taxes and research subsidies may encourage production and innovation in clean technologies, though the transition will typically be slow. We estimate the model using microdata from the US energy sector. We then characterize the optimal policy path tha...
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作者：Battaglini, Marco; Harstad, Bard
作者单位：Cornell University; University of Oslo
摘要：We analyze participation in international environmental agreements in a dynamic game in which countries pollute and invest in green technologies. If complete contracts are feasible, participants eliminate the holdup problemassociated with their investments; however, most countries prefer to free ride rather than participate. If investments are noncontractible, countries face a holdup problemevery time they negotiate; but the free-rider problem can be mitigated and significant participation is ...
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作者：Blume, Lawrence E.; Durlauf, Steven N.
作者单位：The Santa Fe Institute; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
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作者：Behrman, Jere R.; Parker, Susan W.; Todd, Petra E.; Wolpin, Kenneth I.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Rice University
摘要：This paper evaluates the impact of three different performance incentive schemes using data from a social experiment that randomized 88 Mexican high schools with over 40,000 students into three treatment groups and a control group. Treatment 1 provides individual incentives for performance on curriculum-based mathematics tests to students only, treatment 2 to teachers only, and treatment 3 gives both individual and group incentives to students, teachers, and school administrators. Program impa...
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作者：Casas-Arce, Pablo; Saiz, Albert
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We use Spain's Equality Law to test for the existence of agency problems between party leaders and their constituents. The law mandates a 40 percent female quota on electoral lists in towns with populations above 5,000. Using pre- and postquota data by party and municipality, we implement a triple-difference design. We find that female quotas resulted in slightly better electoral results for the parties that were most affected by the quota. Our evidence shows that party leaders were not maximi...
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作者：Eisenhauer, Philipp; Heckman, James J.; Vytlacil, Edward
作者单位：University of Chicago; New York University
摘要：The literature on treatment effects focuses on gross benefits from program participation. We extend this literature by developing conditions under which it is possible to identify parameters measuring the cost and net surplus from program participation. Using the generalized Roy model, we nonparametrically identify the cost, benefit, and net surplus of selection into treatment without requiring the analyst to have direct information on costs. We apply our methodology to estimate the gross bene...
