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作者：Grossman, Gene M.; Helpman, Elhanan; Redding, Stephen J.
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：We study unanticipated tariffs in a setting with firm-to-firm supply relationships. Firms conduct costly searches and negotiate with potential suppliers that pass a reservation level of match productivity. Global supply chains form in anticipation of free trade. Then, the home government surprises with an input tariff. This can lead to renegotiation with initial suppliers or search for replacements. Calibrating the model's parameters to match initial import shares and the estimated responses t...
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作者：Buntaine, Mark T.; Greenstone, Michael; He, Guojun; Liu, Mengdi; Wang, Shaoda; Zhang, Bing
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Hong Kong; University of International Business & Economics; Nanjing University of Finance & Economics; Nanjing University
摘要：We conducted a nationwide field experiment in China to evaluate the direct and indirect impacts of assigning firms to public or private citizen appeals when they violate pollution standards. There are three main findings. First, public appeals to the regulator through social media substantially reduce violations and pollution emissions, while private appeals cause more modest environmental improvements. Second, public appeals appear to tilt regulators' focus away from facilitating economic gro...
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作者：Aoyagi, Masaki; Frechette, Guillaume r.; Yuksel, Sevgi
作者单位：University of Osaka; New York University
摘要：This paper uses a laboratory experiment to study beliefs and their relationship to action and strategy choices in finitely and indefinitely repeated prisoners' dilemma games. We find subjects' elicited beliefs about the other player's action are generally accurate despite some systematic deviations, and anticipate the evolution of behavior differently between the finite and indefinite games. We also use the elicited beliefs over actions to recover beliefs over supergame strategies played by th...
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作者：Barwick, Panle jia; Li, Shanjun; Waxman, Andrew; Wu, Jing; Xia, Tianli
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; National Bureau of Economic Research; National Bureau of Economic Research; Cornell University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Tsinghua University; University of Rochester
摘要：We estimate an equilibrium sorting model of housing location and commuting mode choice with endogenous trafic congestion to evaluate urban transportation policies. Leveraging ine-scale data from travel diaries and housing transactions identifying residents' home and work locations, , we recover rich preference heterogeneity over both travel mode and residential location decisions. While different policies produce the same congestion reduction, , their impacts on social welfare differ drastical...
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作者：Ilzetzki, Ethan
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This paper studies how firms adapt to demand shocks when facing capacity constraints. I show that increases in government purchases raise total factor productivity in quantity units at the production line level. Productivity gains are concentrated in plants facing tighter capacity constraints, , a phenomenon I call learning by necessity. Evidence is based on newly digitized archival data on US World War II aircraft production. Shifts in demand across aircraft with different strategic roles pro...
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作者：Bartling, Bjorn; Valero, Vanessa; Weber, Roberto A.; Yao, Lan
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Leicester; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics
摘要：We investigate the causal impact of public discourse on socially having market participants engage in public discourse generally increases market social responsibility. These positive impacts are robust to variation in several characteristics of the discourse. We provide evidence that discourse strengthens beliefs that others support socially responsible exchange. However, relaxing requirements to engage in discourse sharply reduces its effectiveness. Our findings suggest that campaigns encour...
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作者：Board, Simon; Meyer-ter-Vehn, Moritz
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We propose a model of strategic experimentation on social networks in which forward-looking agents learn from their own and neighbors' successes. In equilibrium, , private discovery is followed by social diffusion. Social learning crowds out own experimentation, , so total information decreases with network density; we determine density thresholds below which agents' asymptotic learning is perfect. By contrast, , agent welfare is single peaked in network density and achieves a second-best benc...
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作者：Lashkari, Danial; Bauer, Arthur; Boussard, Jocelyn
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：What are the implications of the dramatic fall in IT prices for aggregate technology? When firm-level technologies are continuously differentiable , a factor price shock leads to ( i ) a substitution between factors and / or ( ii ) an endogenous response of returns to scale. The second channel is governed by the output elasticity of relative factor demand. Using detailed firm-level data from France , we estimate this elasticity to be positive for IT factor demand. A quantitative exercise accou...
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作者：Sher, Itai
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst
摘要：This paper concerns Saez and Stantcheva's ( 2016 ) generalized social marginal welfare weights, which aggregate losses and gains due to tax policies while incorporating nonutilitarian ethical considerations. The approach evaluates local tax changes without a global social objective. I show that local tax policy comparisons implicitly entail global comparisons. Moreover, whenever welfare weights do not have a utilitarian structure, these implied global comparisons are inconsistent. I argue that...
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作者：Frank, Eyal; Sudarshan, Anant
作者单位：University of Chicago; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Scientific evidence has documented we are undergoing a mass extinction of species, caused by human activity. However, allocating conservation resources is difficult due to scarce evidence on damages from losing individual species. This paper studies the collapse of vultures in India, triggered by the expiry of a patent on a painkiller. Our results suggest the functional extinction of vultures-efficient scavengers that removed carcasses from the environment-increased human mortality by over 4 p...
