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作者：Bergman, Peter; Chetty, Raj; Deluca, Stefanie; Hendren, Nathaniel; Katz, Lawrence f.; Palmer, Christopher
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Johns Hopkins University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Low-income families often live in low -upward -mobility neighborhoods. We study why by using a randomized trial with housing voucher recipients that provided information, financial support, and customized search assistance to move to high -opportunity neighborhoods. The treatment increased the fraction moving to high -upward -mobility areas from 15 to 53 percent. A second trial reveals this treatment effect is driven primarily by customized search assistance. Qualitative interviews show that t...
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作者：De La Sierra, Raul Sanchez; Titeca, Kristof; Xie, Haoyang (Stan ); Lameke, Aimable amani; Malukisa, A. L. B. E. R. T. JoLINo
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Antwerp
摘要：This paper provides insight into a corruption scheme in Kinshasa's traffic police agency. First, various data collection branches show that the agency's revenue is five times that from fines and is derived from a coalition of traffic police officials, their managers, and judicial police officers scheming to extort drivers. Second, the analysis of an experiment suggests that the scheme subverts service. Third, the scheme appears to be a rational response to the context, but its logic is widespr...
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作者：Goldsmith-pinkham, Paul; Hull, Peter; Kolesar, Michal
作者单位：Yale University; Brown University; Princeton University
摘要：We study regressions with multiple treatments and a set of controls that is flexible enough to purge omitted variable bias. We show these regressions generally fail to estimate convex averages of heterogeneous treatment effects-instead, estimates of each treatment's effect are contaminated by nonconvex averages of the effects of other treatments. We discuss three estimation approaches that avoid such contamination bias, including the targeting of easiest-to-estimate weighted average effects. A...
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作者：Cai, Jing; Szeidl, Adam
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：We created experimental variation across markets in China in the share of firms having access to a new loan product. Access to finance had a large positive direct effect on the performance of treated firms but a similar-sized negative indirect effect on that of firms with treated competitors, , leading to nondetectable gains in producer surplus. Access to finance had a positive direct effect on business quality and consumer satisfaction and a negative effect on price, , which were not offset b...
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作者：Rogoff, Kenneth S.; Rossi, Barbara; Schmelzing, Paul
作者单位：Harvard University; Barcelona School of Economics; ICREA; Pompeu Fabra University; Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional (CREI); Boston College; Stanford University
摘要：Taking advantage of key recent advances in long-run economic and financial data, we analyze the statistical properties of global long-maturity real interest rates over the past seven centuries. In contrast to existing consensus, we find that real interest rates are in fact trend stationary and exhibit a persistent downward trend since the Renaissance. We investigate structural breaks in real interest rates over time and find that overall the Black Death and the 1557 Trinity default appear as c...
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作者：Jones, Benjamin F.; Liu, Xiaojie
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Technological advance is often embodied in capital inputs , like computers , airplanes , and robots. This paper builds a framework where capital inputs advance through ( i ) increased automation and ( ii ) increased productivity. The interplay of these two innovation dimensions can produce balanced growth , satisfying the Uzawa Growth Theorem even though technological progress is capital -embodied. The framework can further address structural transformation , general-purpose technologies , the...
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作者：Dupas, Pascaline; Jain, Radhika
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Princeton University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of London; University College London
摘要：We document large gender disparities within a government program that entitles 46 million poor individuals to free hospital care. We show that care is not free in practice and higher costs are associated with larger disparities. Lowering care costs increases female utilization but does not reduce gender disparities because marginal beneficiaries are as likely to be male as inframarginals. Long-term exposure to local female leaders reduces disparities by addressing factors lowering female care....
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作者：Engelmann, Jan B.; Lebreton, Mael; Salem-Garcia, Nahuel A.; Schwardmann, Peter; van der Weele, Joel J.
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; Paris School of Economics; University of Geneva; Carnegie Mellon University
摘要：Across five experiments (N = 1,714), we test whether people engage in wishful thinking to alleviate anxiety about adverse future outcomes. Participants perform pattern recognition tasks in which some patterns may result in an electric shock or a monetary loss. Diagnostic of wishful thinking, participants are less likely to correctly identify patterns that are associated with a shock or loss. Wishful thinking is more pronounced under more ambiguous signals and only reduced by higher accuracy in...
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作者：Coibion, Olivier; Georgarakos, Dimitris; Gorodnichenko, Yuriy; Kenny, Geoff; Weber, Michael
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; European Central Bank; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Chicago
摘要：We use randomized treatments that provide different types of information about the first and/or second moments of future economic growth to generate exogenous changes in the perceived macroeconomic uncertainty of treated households. The effects on their spending decisions relative to an untreated control group are measured in follow-up surveys. Our results indicate that, after taking into account first moments, higher macroeconomic uncertainty induces households to significantly and persistent...
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作者：Bursztyn, Leonardo; Chaney, Thomas; Hassan, Tarek a.; Rao, Aakaash
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Southern California; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Boston University; Harvard University
摘要：We study how decades -long exposure to individuals of a given foreign descent shapes natives' attitudes and behavior toward that group. Using individualized donations data, we show that long-term exposure to a given foreign ancestry leads to more generous behavior specifically toward that group's ancestral country. Focusing on exposure to Arab Muslims to examine mechanisms, we show that long-term exposure (i) decreases explicit and implicit prejudice against Arab Muslims, (ii ) reduces support...
