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作者：Funke, Manuel; Schularick, Moritz; Trebesch, Christoph
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW)
摘要：Populism at the country level is at an all-time high, with more than 25 percent of nations currently governed by populists. How do economies perform under populist leaders? We build a new long-run cross-country database to study the macroeconomic history of populism. We identify 51 populist presidents and prime ministers from 1900 to 2020 and show that the economic cost of populism is high. After 15 years, GDP per capita is 10 percent lower compared to a plausible nonpopulist counterfactual. E...
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作者：Romer, Christina D.; Romer, David H.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：The narrative approach to macroeconomic identification uses qual-itative sources, such as newspapers or government records, to pro-vide information that can help establish causal relationships. This paper discusses the requirements for rigorous narrative analysis using fresh research on the impact of monetary policy as the focal application. We read the historical Minutes and Transcripts of Federal Reserve policymaking meetings to identify significant con-tractionary and expansionary changes i...
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作者：Akbar, Prottoy; Couture, Victor; Duranton, Gilles; Storeygard, Adam
作者单位：Aalto University; University of British Columbia; University of Pennsylvania; Tufts University
摘要：We develop a methodology to estimate robust city-level vehicu-lar speed indices, exactly decomposable into uncongested speed and congestion. We apply it to 180 Indian cities using 57 million simulated trips measured by a web mapping service. We verify the reliability of our simulated trips using a number of alternative data sources, including data on actual trips. We find wide variation in speed across cities that is driven more by differences in uncon-gested speed than congestion. Denser and ...
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作者：Macchi, Elisa
作者单位：Brown University
摘要：I study the economic value of obesity-a status symbol in poor countries associated with raised health risks. Randomizing decision-makers in Kampala, Uganda to view weight-manipulated portraits, I find that obesity is perceived as a reliable signal of wealth but not of beauty or health. Thus, leveraging a real-stakes experi-ment involving professional loan officers, I show that being obese facilitates access to credit. The large obesity premium, compara-ble to raising borrower self-reported ear...
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作者：Ramos-Toro, Diego
作者单位：Dartmouth College
摘要：This paper explores the intergenerational consequences of social exclusion on prosociality. A lab-in-the-field approach in the histor-ical region of Colombia's leper colony reveals that descendants of socially excluded individuals are locally altruistic and extend such altruism to outsiders who have undergone similar circumstances. These individuals also display mistrust toward those who have , his-torically , been exclusionary-in this case , doctors. The content of historical narratives share...
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作者：Guryan, Jonathan; Ludwig, Jens; Bhatt, Monica P.; Cook, Philip J.; Davis, Jonathan M. V.; Dodge, Kenneth; Farkas, George; Fryer Jr, Roland G.; Mayer, Susan; Pollack, Harold; Steinberg, Laurence; Stoddard, Greg
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; Duke University; University of Oregon; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Harvard University; University of Chicago; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University; University of Chicago
摘要：Improving academic outcomes for economically disadvantaged students has proven challenging, particularly for children at older ages. We present two large-scale randomized controlled trials of a high-dosage tutoring program delivered to secondary school stu-dents in Chicago. One innovation is to use paraprofessional tutors to hold down cost, thereby increasing scalability. Participating in math tutoring increases math test scores by 0.18 to 0.40 standard devia-tions and increases math and nonma...
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作者：Esposito, Elena; Rotesi, Tiziano; Saia, Alessandro; Thoenig, Mathias
作者单位：University of Turin; Collegio Carlo Alberto; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Lausanne; University of Bologna; University of Oxford
摘要：We study how the spread of the Lost Cause narrative-a revisionist and racist retelling of the US Civil War-shifted opinions and behaviors toward national reunification and racial discrimination against African Americans. Looking at screenings of The Birth of a Nation, a blockbuster movie that greatly popularized the Lost Cause after 1915, we find that the film shifted the public discourse toward a more patriotic and less divisive language, increased military enlistment, and fostered cultural c...
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作者：East, Chloe N.; Miller, Sarah; Page, Marianne; Wherry, Laura R.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of California System; University of California Davis; New York University
摘要：We examine multigenerational impacts of positive in utero health interventions using a new research design that exploits sharp increases in prenatal Medicaid eligibility that occurred in some states. Our analyses are based on US Vital Statistics natality files, which enables linkages between individuals' early life Medicaid exposure and the next generation's health at birth. We find evidence that the health benefits associated with treated generations' early life program exposure extend to lat...
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作者：Best, Michael Carlos; Hjort, Jonas; Szakonyi, David
作者单位：Columbia University; University of London; University College London; George Washington University
摘要：Bureaucrats implement policy. How important are they for a state's productivity? And do the trade-offs between policies depend on their effectiveness? Using data on 16 million public purchases in Russia, we show that 39 percent of the variation in prices paid for narrowly defined items is due to the individual bureaucrats and organizations who manage procurement. Low-price buyers also display higher spending quality. Theory suggests that such differences in effective-ness can be pivotal for po...
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作者：Sodini, Paolo; Van Nieuwerburgh, Stun; Vestman, Roine; Von Lilienfeld-Toal, Ulf
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Columbia University; Stockholm University; University of Luxembourg
摘要：Homeownership is widely stimulated by policy, yet its economic effects are poorly understood. We exploit quasi-random variation in homeownership generated by privatization decisions of municipally owned buildings and use granular data on demographics, income, housing, financial wealth, and debt that allow us to construct high-quality measures of spending. Homeownership causes wealth accumulation via house price appreciation, increases consumption, and improves consumption smoothing across time...
