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作者：Bai, Yan; Jin, Keyu; Lu, Dan
作者单位：University of Rochester; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：This paper formalizes a classic idea that in second-best environments trade can induce welfare losses: incremental income losses from distortions can outweigh trade gains. In a Melitz model with distortionary taxes , we derive sufficient statistics for welfare gains / losses and show departures from the efficient case ( Arkolakis, Costinot, and Rodriguez-Clare 2012 ) can be captured by the gap between an input and output share and domestic extensive margin elasticities. The loss reflects an en...
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作者：Lashkari, Danial; Bauer, Arthur; Boussard, Jocelyn
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：What are the implications of the dramatic fall in IT prices for aggregate technology? When firm-level technologies are continuously differentiable , a factor price shock leads to ( i ) a substitution between factors and / or ( ii ) an endogenous response of returns to scale. The second channel is governed by the output elasticity of relative factor demand. Using detailed firm-level data from France , we estimate this elasticity to be positive for IT factor demand. A quantitative exercise accou...
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作者：Franklin, Simon; Imbert, Clement; Abebe, Girum; Media-mantilla, Carolina
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of Warwick; The World Bank
摘要：This paper evaluates a large urban public works program randomly rolled out across neighborhoods of Addis Ababa , Ethiopia. We find the program increased public employment and reduced private labor supply among beneficiaries and improved local amenities in treated locations. We then combine a spatial equilibrium model and unique commuting data to estimate the spillover effects of the program on private sector wages across neighborhoods: under full program rollout , wages increased by 18.6 perc...
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作者：Bassetto, Marco; Huo, Zhen; Rios-Rull, Jose-Victor
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Pennsylvania; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of London; University College London
摘要：We propose a theory of gradualism in the implementation of good policies, suitable for environments featuring time consistency. We downplay the role of the initial period by allowing agents both to wait for future agents to start equilibrium play and to restart the equilibrium by ignoring past history. The allocation gradually transits toward one that weighs both short- and long-term concerns, stopping short of the Ramsey outcome but greatly improving upon Markovian equilibria. We use the theo...
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作者：Riley, Emma
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：I examine whether changing the form of disbursement of a microfinance loan enables female microfinance borrowers to overcome intra-household sharing pressure and grow their businesses. Using a field experiment with 3,000 borrowers in Uganda , I compare the disbursement of a loan as cash to disbursement onto a digital account. After 8 months , women who received their microfinance loan on the digital account had 11 percent higher ( US$70 ) business capital and 15 percent higher ( US$18 ) profit...
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作者：Hager, Sebastian; Schwarz, Carlo; Waldinger, Fabian
作者单位：University of Oxford; Bocconi University; Bocconi University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We study how performance metrics affect the allocation of talent by exploiting the introduction of the first citation database in science. For technical reasons, it only covered citations from certain journals and years, creating quasi-random variation: some citations became visible, while others remained invisible. We identify the effects of citation metrics by comparing the predictiveness of visible to invisible citations. Citation metrics increased assortative matching between scientists an...
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作者：Hollingsworth, Alex; Karbownik, Krzysztof; Thomasson, Melissa A.; Wray, Anthony
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Emory University; University System of Ohio; Miami University; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：We explore how access to modern hospitals and medicine affects mortality by leveraging efforts of the Duke Endowment to modernize hospitals in the early twentieth century. The Endowment helped communities build and expand hospitals , obtain state-of-the-art medical technology , attract qualified medical personnel , and refine management practices. We find that Duke support increased the size and quality of the medical sector , fostering growth in not-for-profit hospitals and high-quality physi...
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作者：Agte, Patrick; Bernhardt, Arielle; Field, Erica; Pande, Rohini; Rigol, Natalia
作者单位：Yale University; New York University; Duke University; Harvard University
摘要：Poor entrepreneurs must frequently choose between business investment and children's education. To examine this trade-off, we exploit experimental variation in short-run microenterprise growth among a sample of Indian households and track schooling and business outcomes over eleven years. Treated households, who experience higher initial microenterprise growth, are on average one-third more likely to send children to college. However, educational investment and schooling gains are concentrated...
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作者：Goldin, Claudia
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University
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作者：Exley, Christine L.; Kessler, Judd B.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Myriad environments allow for the possibility of confusion. Agents may appeal to such confusion-or the possibility of making an honest mistake-to justify their behavior. In three sets of experiments involving thousands of subjects, we document evidence of such motivated errors. We document this evidence in a simple environment in which the scope for errors is small and in more complex environments in which subjects display correlation neglect and an anchoring bias.
