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作者：Coyne, David; Fadlon, Itzik; Ramnath, Shanthi P.; Tong, Patricia K.
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury; University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; RAND Corporation
摘要：We combine quasi -experimental variation in spousal death and age eligibility for survivors benefits using US tax records to study the effects on American households' labor supply and the design of social security's survivors insurance. Benefit eligibility at the exact age of 60 induces sharp reductions in the labor supply of newly widowed households , highlighting the value of survivors benefits and the liquidity they provide following the shock. Among eligible widows , the spousal death even...
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作者：Mahadevan, Meera
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：Politicians may target public goods to benefit their constituents, , at the expense of others. I study corruption in the context of Indian electricity and estimate the welfare consequences. Using new administrative billing data and close-election regression discontinuities, , I show that billed electricity consumption is lower for constituencies of the winning party by almost 40 percent, , while actual consumption, , measured by nighttime lights, , is higher. I document the covert way in which...
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作者：McClellan, Andrew
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：We study the design of negotiation strategies when a principal and agent must decide how to split a pie while the agent's outside option changes over time. The principal's optimal strategy under commitment demonstrates a new, , but intuitive, , set of negotiation dynamics. When the agent is tempted to leave, , the principal gradually promises a larger share ( decreasing demands) ) and more time to explore the outside option ( decreasing pressure), ) , illustrating a complementarity between the...
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作者：Fenizia, Alessandra; Saggio, Raffaele
作者单位：George Washington University; University of British Columbia; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Organized crime has large economic and social costs. Hundreds of millions of people live in areas controlled by criminal organizations (Blattman et al. 2021 ). Thousands more are regularly displaced by the violence that accompanies these organizations (Daniele, Le Moglie, and Masera 2020 ). Organized crime thrives on illegal activities (Sviatschi 2022 ), preys on healthy businesses (Mirenda, Mocetti, and Rizzica 2022 ), weakens competition and innovation among firms (Slutzky and Zeume 2019 ), ...
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作者：Rhodes, Andrew; Zhou, Jidong
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Yale University
摘要：We study personalized pricing in a general oligopoly model. The impact of personalized pricing relative to uniform pricing hinges on the degree of market coverage. If market conditions are such that coverage is high ( e.g. , the production cost is low or the number of firms is high ) , personalized pricing harms firms and benefits consumers , whereas the opposite is true if coverage is low. When only some firms have data to personalize prices , consumers can be worse off compared to when eithe...
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作者：Delfino, Alexia
作者单位：Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：I investigate men's limited entry into female -dominated sectors through a large-scale field experiment. The design exogenously varies recruitment messages by showing photographs of current workers ( male or female ) and providing information on the share of workers who received high evaluations in the past ( higher or lower ) . A male photograph has no impact on men's applications, but informing about a lower share of high evaluations encourages men to apply and enables the employer to hire a...
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作者：Barwick, Panle Jia; Li, Shanjun; Lin, Liguo; Zou, Eric Yongchen
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; National Bureau of Economic Research; National Bureau of Economic Research; Cornell University; Shanghai University of Finance & Economics; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：In 2013 , China launched a landmark program to monitor air quality and disclose real-time data , significantly increasing the public's access to and awareness of pollution information. The program triggered cascading behavioral changes such as stronger avoidance of outdoor pollution exposure and increased spending on protective products. These behavioral responses mitigated the mortality impact of air pollution. Conservative estimates indicate that the program's health benefits outweigh the co...
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作者：Cheremukhin, Anton; Golosov, Mikhail; Guriev, Sergei; Tsyvinski, Aleh
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Dallas; University of Chicago; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Yale University
摘要：We quantify the effects of the political development cycle-the flucopment policies-on growth and structural transformation of China in 1953-1978. The left policies prioritized structural transformation toward nonagricultural production and consumption at the expense of agricultural development. The right policies prioritized agricultural consumption through slower structural transformation. The imperfect implementation of these policies led to large welfare costs of the political development c...
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作者：Martinez-Marquina, Alejandro; Shi, Mike
作者单位：University of Southern California; Stanford University
摘要：We provide evidence of the existence of debt aversion and its negative implications for financial decisions. In a new experimental design where subjects are assigned debt randomly, we quantify the opportunity cost of subjects' debt-biased decisions. One-third of our participants neglect high returns and focus instead on debt repayments. In addition, borrowing to invest is 50 percent less likely when it leads to indebtedness. On average, participants perceive $1 less in debt as equivalent to $1...
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作者：Exley, Christine L.; Nielsen, Kirby
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; California Institute of Technology
摘要：We investigate how the gender gap in confidence affects the views that evaluators (e.g., employers) hold about men and women. We find the confidence gap is contagious, causing evaluators to form overly pessimistic beliefs about women. This result arises even though the confidence gap is expected and even though the confidence gap shouldn't be contagious if evaluators are Bayesian. Only an intervention that facilitates Bayesian updating proves (somewhat) effective. Additional results highlight ...
