Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Bacillus subtilis 6A and Escherichia coli 670 lacking 6 region 1.1 are not released during transcription initiation and elongation AI翻译
  作者：Tewary, Aniruddha; Sengupta, Shreya; Mukherjee, Soumya; Hazra, Nilanjana; Ebright, Yon W.; Ebright, Richard H.; Mukhopadhyay, Jayanta
  作者单位：Department of Science & Technology (India); Bose Institute; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; University System of Ohio; University of Toledo; University System of Ohio; University of Toledo
  摘要：A 6 cycle in which the initiation factor 6 associates with RNA polymerase (RNAP) core enzyme to permit transcription initiation and dissociates from RNAP core enzyme to permit transcription elongation, has been proposed to occur and to be an essential step for 6-exchange, with all principal 6 factors from all bacteria. These proposals were based on studies of the principal 6 factor of Escherichia coli, 670, which generally, albeit not obligatorily, is released from RNAP upon the transition fro...
• Cooling outweighs warming across phenological transitions in the Northern Hemisphere AI翻译
  作者：Li, Yizhuo; Meng, Lin; Richardson, Andrew D.; Lee, Xuhui; Menzel, Annette; Mao, Jiafu; Diehl, Jen L.; Wang, Anzhi
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Vanderbilt University; Northern Arizona University; Yale University; Technical University of Munich; Technical University of Munich; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory
  摘要：Vegetation phenology, i.e., seasonal biological events such as leaf-out and leaf-fall, regulates local climate through biophysical processes like evapotranspiration (ET) and albedo. However, the net surface temperature impact of these processes-whether ET cooling or albedo-induced warming predominates-and how the dominance changes across phenological transitions and regions remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of vegetation foliage on daytime land surface temperature (L...
• The RecBC complex protects single-stranded DNA gaps during lesion bypass AI翻译
  作者：Philippin, Gaelle; Dupaigne, Pauline; Chrabaszcz, Elodie; Iturralde, Maialen; Modesti, Mauro; Le Cam, Eric; Pages, Vincent; Laureti, Luisa
  作者单位：Aix-Marseille Universite; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); UNICANCER; Institut Paoli-Calmette (IPC); Universite Paris Saclay; UNICANCER; Gustave Roussy; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Aix-Marseille Universite; UNICANCER; Institut Paoli-Calmette (IPC)
  摘要：Following encounter with an unrepaired DNA lesion, replication is halted and can restart downstream of the lesion leading to the formation of a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gap. To complete replication, this ssDNA gap is filled in by one of the two lesion tolerance pathways: the error-prone Translesion Synthesis (TLS) or the error-free Homology Directed Gap Repair (HDGR). In the present work, we evidence a role for the RecBC complex distinct from its canonical function in homologous recombinati...
• Dynamic and precise electromagnetic levitation of single cells AI翻译
  作者：Ramarao, Malavika; Garcia-Gradilla, Victor; Unlu, Mehmet Burcin; Davis, Ronald W.; Durmus, Naside Gozde
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Ozyegin University; Ozyegin University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University
  摘要：The biophysical properties of single cells are crucial for understanding cellular function and behavior in biology and medicine. However, precise manipulation of cells in 3-D microfluidic environments remains challenging, particularly for heterogeneous populations. Here, we present Electro-LEV, a unique platform integrating electromagnetic and magnetic levitation principles for dynamic 3-D control of cell position during separation. We demonstrated that small current adjustments in electromagn...
• Circadian-informed modeling predicts regional variation in obesity and stroke outcomes under different permanent US time policies AI翻译
  作者：Weed, Lara; Zeitzer, Jamie M.
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University
  摘要：Seasonal changes in time policy, such as switching between Standard Time (SDT) and Daylight Saving Time (DST), have been adopted by many countries, including the United States. While transitioning between SDT and DST has notable acute negative population health impacts, the chronic impact of these time policies on health has not been well evaluated. To estimate the impact of permanent SDT or DST on health, we modeled the circadian impact of SDT, DST, and Biannual Shifting (BAS) across a year i...
• Therapeutic restoration of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum cross talk for osteoarthritis AI翻译
  作者：Hou, Mingzhuang; Ma, Yifan; Deng, Yaoge; Wu, Yubin; Zhu, Yanrun; Liu, Yang; Li, Xiaoping; Yu, Lili; He, Zirui; Wang, Yifan; Dong, Shiyan; Xia, Xiaowei; Yu, Jianfeng; Yu, Chenqi; Kang, Kang; Lu, Yingjie; Sun, Lili; Kim, Betty Y. S.; Yuan, Yuan; Zhang, Yijian; Jiang, Wen; Zhu, Xuesong
  作者单位：Soochow University - China; Soochow University - China; University of Texas System; UTMD Anderson Cancer Center; University of Macau; East China University of Science & Technology; East China University of Science & Technology; University of Texas System; UTMD Anderson Cancer Center; Nanjing Medical University
  摘要：Osteoarthritis is a prevalent joint disease in the aging population. The hallmark of osteoarthritis is the degeneration of the joint cartilage, characterized by changes in chondrocytes including mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the precise mechanisms of how this affects chondrocyte homeostasis and whether such processes can be explored as therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis remain unclear. Here, we show that impaired mitochondrial function and disrupted cartilage matrix metabolism due to...
• 8,000 years of wild and domestic animal body size data reveal long- term synchrony and recent divergence due to intensified human impact AI翻译
  作者：Mureau, Cyprien; d'Oliveira, Lea; Peyron, Odile; Blaise, Emilie; Renaud, Audrey; Balcarcel, Ana; Jeanjean, Marine; Bonhomme, Vincent; Bouby, Laurent; Ros, Jerome; Evin, Allowen
  作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Universite de Montpellier; Universite Paul-Valery; Universite de Montpellier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
  摘要：The long-term evolution of domestic mammal body size in Western Europe since the Early Neolithic is mainly attributed to human selection. However, the relative influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors in animal body size evolution, and the coevolution of wild and domestic species remain poorly understood. In the Northwestern Mediterranean, abundant archaeozoological data from well-contextualized sites and reliable paleoenvironmental reconstructions provide a unique opportunity to e...
• Ingroup solidarity drives social media engagement after political crises AI翻译
  作者：Marks, Malia; Kyrychenko, Yara; Gardebo, Johan; Roozenbeek, Jon
  作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge
  摘要：Social media are often said to exacerbate polarization by platforming hostility between groups. However, positive social emotions like ingroup solidarity may also drive social media engagement, particularly after major threats such as military invasions or terror attacks. In this preregistered study, we examine the socioemotional drivers of engagement following group threats in the context of the US 2024 presidential campaign trail, where both major political parties faced crises in July of 20...
• Profitable third- party punishment destabilizes cooperation AI翻译
  作者：Alam, Raihan; Rai, Tage S.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：Third-party punishment is theorized by some scholars to be essential to the evolution of large-scale cooperation, but empirically, it often fails to bring about its desired effects. Here, we suggest that third-party punishment destabilizes cooperation when third parties have profit motives to punish. Across nine economic games and judgment experiments (including four preregistered studies), we find that when third-party punishment is profitable, rates of cooperation decrease immediately and re...
• Fragmentation signatures in cancer patients resemble those of patients with vascular or autoimmune diseases AI翻译
  作者：Curtis, Samuel D.; Liu, Tingshan; Bai, Yuxin; Wang, Yuxuan; Panda, Sambit; Li, Adam; Xu, Haoyin; O'Reilly, Eliza; Dobbyn, Lisa; Popoli, Maria; Ptak, Janine; Silliman, Natalie; Thoburn, Chris; Tie, Jeanne; Gibbs, Peter; Ho-Pham, Lan T.; Tran, Bich N. H.; Tran, Thach S.; Nguyen, Tuan, V; Konig, Maximilian F.; Petri, Michelle; Rosen, Antony; Mecoli, Christopher A.; Shah, Ami A.; Mulder, Frits; van Es, Nick; Bettegowda, Chetan; Kinzler, Kenneth W.; Papadopoulos, Nickolas; Vogelstein, Joshua T.; Vogelstein, Bert; Douville, Christopher
  作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Columbia University; Johns Hopkins University; Walter & Eliza Hall Institute; University of Melbourne; Peter Maccallum Cancer Center; University of Melbourne; Western Health; University of Technology Sydney; University of Technology Sydney; University of New South Wales Sydney; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; University of Amsterdam; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine; Johns Hopkins University
  摘要：Multiple case-controlled studies have shown that analyzing fragmentation patterns in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can distinguish individuals with cancer from healthy controls. However, there have been few studies that investigate various types of cfDNA fragmentomics patterns in individuals with other diseases. We therefore developed a comprehensive statistic, called fragmentation signatures, that integrates the distributions of fragment positioning, fragment length, and fragment end-motifs in...