Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

最新文章

• Assessing neighborhoods, wealth differentials, and perceived inequality in preindustrial societies AI翻译
  作者：Thompson, Amy E.; Munson, Jessica; Ortman, Scott G.; Ramon, Andres G. Mejia; Feinman, Gary M.; Quequezana, Gabriela Cervantes; Cruz, Pablo; Green, Adam S.; Lawrence, Dan; Roscoe, Paul
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; The Santa Fe Institute; Okinawa Institute of Science & Technology Graduate University; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago); Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); University of York - UK; University of York - UK; Durham University; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono
  摘要：Humans often live in neighborhoods, nested socio-spatial clusters within settlements of varying size and population density. In today's cities, neighborhoods are often characterized as relatively homogenous and may exhibit segregation along various socioeconomic dimensions. However, even within neighborhoods of similar social or economic status, there is often residential disparity, which in turn impacts perceived inequality. Drawing on the Global Dynamics of Inequality (GINI) project database...
• Ecologically informed solar enables a sustainable energy transition in US croplands AI翻译
  作者：Sturchio, Matthew A.; Gallaher, Adam; Grodsky, Steven M.
  作者单位：Cornell University; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; Cornell University; United States Department of the Interior; United States Geological Survey
  摘要：United States (US) croplands are ideal recipient environments for solar photovoltaic (PV) energy because they are flat and have a high solar resource. Perceived threats of solar to agriculture have led some stakeholders to suggest that croplands be exclusively used to produce food. However, 12 million hectares of US croplands, an area about the size of New York State, are already dedicated to corn grown for ethanol (i.e., biofuel), an energy product that requires significantly more land than s...
• Prolonged signaling of backbone- modified glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues with diverse receptor trafficking AI翻译
  作者：Cary, Brian P.; Hager, Marlies V.; Mariam, Zamara; Morris, Rylie K.; Belousoff, Matthew J.; Deganutti, Giuseppe; Sexton, Patrick M.; Wootten, Denise; Gellman, Samuel H.
  作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Monash University; Monash University; Coventry University
  摘要：Signal duration and subcellular location are emerging as important facets of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), a clinically relevant class B1 GPCR, stimulates production of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) upon activation by the native hormone, GLP-1. cAMP production continues after the hormone-receptor complex has been internalized via endocytosis. Here, we report GLP-1 analogues that induce prolonged signaling...
• Stability of the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis is primarily determined by symbiont cell- cycle arrest AI翻译
  作者：Gorman, Lucy M.; Tivey, Trevor R.; Raymond, Evan H.; Ashley, Immy A.; Oakley, Clinton A.; Grossman, Arthur R.; Weis, Virginia M.; Davy, Simon K.
  作者单位：Victoria University Wellington; Cornell University; Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research; Carnegie Institution for Science; Oregon State University; Universite PSL
  摘要：The cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis relies on the regulation of resident symbiont populations to maintain biomass stability; however, the relative importance of host regulatory mechanisms [cell-cycle arrest (CC), apoptosis (AP), autophagy (AU), and expulsion (EX)] during symbiosis onset and maintenance is largely unknown. Here, we inoculated a symbiont-free (aposymbiotic) model cnidarian (Exaiptasia diaphana: Aiptasia) with either its native symbiont Breviolum minutum or one of three non-na...
• Potassium- sensitive loss of muscle force in the setting of reduced inward rectifier K+ current: Implications for Andersen-Tawil syndrome AI翻译
  作者：Elia, Nathaniel; Quinonez, Marbella; Wu, Fenfen; Mokhonova, Ekaterina; DiFranco, Marino; Spencer, Melissa J.; Cannon, Stephen C.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
  摘要：Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is an ion channelopathy with variable penetrance for the triad of periodic paralysis, arrhythmia, and dysmorphia. Dominant-negative mutations of KCNJ2 encoding the Kir2.1 potassium channel subunit are found in 60% of ATS families. As with most channelopathies, episodic attacks in ATS are frequently triggered by environmental stresses: exercise for periodic paralysis or stress with adrenergic stimulation for arrhythmia. Fluctuations in K+, either low or high, are p...
• Substrate specificities of two ketosynthases in eukaryotic microalgal and prokaryotic marine bacterial DHA synthases AI翻译
  作者：Ogata, Kaito; Nakama, Riku; Kobayashi, Hiyu; Kawata, Tomoya; Maruyama, Chitose; Tsunoda, Takeshi; Ujihara, Tetsuro; Hamano, Yoshimitsu; Ogasawara, Yasushi; Dairi, Tohru
  作者单位：Hokkaido University; Fukui Prefectural University; Hokkaido University; Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd.
  摘要：Highly reducing iterative polyketide synthases (HR-iPKSs) are huge enzyme complexes with multiple catalytic domains that biosynthesize polyketides by intrinsically programmed iterative carbon chain extensions and reductions. Unlike most HR-iPKSs, which possess a single ketosynthase (KS) domain for all carbon chain elongations, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) synthases contain two KS domains. We previously examined the substrate specificities of two KS domains of prokaryotic marine PUFA synth...
• The origin of sulfur in Canary Island magmas and its implications for Earth's deep sulfur cycle AI翻译
  作者：Taracsak, Zoltan; Hartley, Margaret E.; Burgess, Ray; Edmonds, Marie; Longpre, Marc-Antoine; Monteleone, Brian D.; Tartese, Romain; Turchyn, Alexandra, V
  作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Manchester; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Queens College NY (CUNY); City University of New York (CUNY) System; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
  摘要：The global sulfur cycle plays a critical role in the redox evolution of Earth's surface and upper mantle, yet the distribution and origin of sulfur in the mantle remains largely unconstrained. El Hierro is a volcanic island in the Canary archipelago that is fed by sulfur-rich magmas. To constrain the origin of sulfur in these melts, we combine in situ sulfur isotope analyses with regression modeling. We calculate that undegassed El melts is 0.3%o to 1%o higher than magmas erupting at mid-ocean...
• Competition for shared resources increases dependence on initial population size during coalescence of gut microbial communities AI翻译
  作者：Goldman, Doran A.; Xue, Katherine S.; Parrott, Autumn B.; Lopez, Jamie A.; Vila, Jean C. C.; Jeeda, Rashi R.; Franzese, Lauryn R.; Porter, Rachel L.; Gray, Ira J.; DeFelice, Brian C.; Petrov, Dmitri A.; Good, Benjamin H.; Relman, David A.; Huang, Kerwyn Casey
  作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; California Institute of Technology; Stanford University; Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI); Stanford University; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); VA Palo Alto Health Care System
  摘要：The long-term success of introduced populations depends on both their initial size and ability to compete against existing residents, but it remains unclear how these factors collectively shape colonization dynamics. Here, we investigate how initial population (propagule) size shapes the outcome of community coalescence by systematically mixing eight pairs of in vitro microbial communities at ratios that vary over six orders of magnitude, and we compare our results to neutral ecological theory...
• RGMb drives macrophage infiltration to aggravate kidney disease AI翻译
  作者：Kong, Yonglun; Yue, Ming; Xu, Chunhua; Zhang, Jing; Hong, Huiling; Lu, Jiahuan; Wang, Yang; Zhang, Xiaoyi; Chen, Qiuju; Yang, Chen; Liu, Hua - Feng; Qin, Jinzhong; Zhou, Jingying; Lee, Nam Y.; Lin, Bin; Tian, Xiaoyu; Freeman, Gordon J.; Xia, Yin
  作者单位：Chinese University of Hong Kong; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen; University of Hong Kong; University of Hong Kong; Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Guangdong Medical University; Nanjing University; University of Arizona; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Chinese University of Hong Kong
  摘要：The importance of macrophages in kidney diseases has been well established; however, the mechanisms underlying the infiltration of macrophages into injured kidneys are not well understood. RGMb is a member of the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family. RGMb can be expressed on the cell surface but a large portion of RGMb is localized intracellularly. Among various immune cell types, macrophages express the highest levels of RGMb, but the biological functions of RGMb in macrophages remain lar...
• The AaFoxA factor regulates female reproduction through chromatin remodeling in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti AI翻译
  作者：Cheng, Yang; Wang, Xuesong; Ding, Yike; Zhang, Houhong; Jia, Zhenyu; Raikhel, Alexander S.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of California System; University of California Riverside; Yangzhou University; University of California System; University of California Riverside; University of California System; University of California Riverside
  摘要：Female mosquitoes are vectors of many devastating human diseases because they require blood feeding to initiate reproduction. Thus, elucidation of molecular mechanisms managing female mosquito reproduction is essential. Although the regulation of gene expression during the mosquito gonadotrophic cycle has been studied in detail, how this process is controlled at the chromatin level remains unclear. Chromatin must be accessible for transcription factors (TFs) governing gene expression. A specia...