Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Design of a light and Ca2+ switchable organic-peptide hybrid AI翻译
  作者：Khaleel, Zinah Hilal; No, Young Hyun; Kim, Nam Hyeong; Bae, Do Hyun; Wu, Yibing; Kim, Suhyeon; Choi, Hojae; Lee, Da Eun; Jeong, Se Yun; Ko, Yoon-Joo; Kim, Seong-Gi; Suh, Minah; Kim, Jin-Chul; Degrado, William F.; Kim, Ki Hyun; Kim, Yong Ho
  作者单位：Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU); Institute for Basic Science - Korea (IBS); Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU); University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU); Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU); Seoul National University (SNU); Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST); Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
  摘要：The design of organic-peptide hybrids has the potential to combine our vast knowledge of protein design with small molecule engineering to create hybrid structures with complex functions. Here, we describe the computational design of a photoswitchable Ca2+- binding organic-peptide hybrid. The designed molecule, designated Ca2+- binding switch (CaBS), combines an EF- hand motif from classical Ca2+- binding proteins such as calmodulin with a photoswitchable group that can be reversibly isomerize...
• Embryology cannot establish the Protura- sister AI翻译
  作者：Machida, Ryuichiro; Fukui, Makiko; Tomizuka, Shigekazu; Ikeda, Yatsukaho; Sekiya, Kaoru; Masumoto, Mika
  作者单位：University of Tsukuba; Ehime University; Oita University; University of Tsukuba; Kitasato University
• Governing in the face of a global crisis: When do voters punish and reward incumbent governments? AI翻译
  作者：Duch, Raymond M.; Loewen, Peter; Robinson, Thomas S.; Zakharov, Alexei
  作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Toronto; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Yale University
  摘要：The recent COVID-19 pandemic offers a rare opportunity to understand how citizens attribute responsibility for governments' responses to unanticipated negative-and in this case, systemic-exogenous shocks. Classical accounts of responsibility complicated when crises are pervasive, involve multiple valence dimensions, where individuals can make relative assessments of performance. We fielded a conjoint experiment in 16 countries with 22,147 respondents. In this experiment, subjects made re-elect...
• Layer-specific control of inhibition by NDNF interneurons AI翻译
  作者：Naumann, Laura Bella; Hertaeg, Loreen; Mueller, Jennifer; Letzkus, Johannes J.; Sprekeler, Henning
  作者单位：Institute of Science & Technology - Austria; Technical University of Berlin; University of Freiburg; University of Freiburg; University of Freiburg; University of Freiburg; University of Freiburg
  摘要：Neuronal processing of external sensory input is shaped by internally generated top- down information. In the neocortex, top-down projections primarily target layer 1, which contains NDNF (neuron-derived neurotrophic factor)-expressing interneurons and the dendrites of pyramidal cells. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that NDNF interneurons shape cortical computations in an unconventional, layer-specific way, by exerting presynaptic inhibition on synapses in layer 1 while leaving synapses i...
• Life history is a key driver of temporal fluctuations in tropical tree abundances AI翻译
  作者：Jops, Kenneth; Dalling, James W.; O'Dwyer, James P.
  作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  摘要：The question of what mechanisms maintain tropical biodiversity is a critical frontier in ecology, intensified by the heightened risk of biodiversity loss faced in tropical regions. Ecological theory has shed light on multiple mechanisms that could lead to the high levels of biodiversity in tropical forests. But variation in species abundances over time may be just as important as overall biodiversity, with a more immediate connection to the risk of extirpation and biodiversity loss. Despite th...
• Tuning the electronic structure and SMSI by integrating trimetallic sites with defective ceria for the CO2 reduction reaction AI翻译
  作者：Singhvi, Charvi; Sharma, Gunjan; Verma, Rishi; Paidi, Vinod K.; Glatzel, Pieter; Paciok, Paul; Patel, Vashishtha B.; Mohan, Ojus; Polshettiwar, Vivek
  作者单位：Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF); Helmholtz Association; Research Center Julich; Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Bombay
  摘要：Heterogeneous catalysts have emerged as a potential key for closing the carbon cycle by converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into value- added chemicals. In this work, we report a highly active and stable ceria (CeO2)-based electronically tuned trimetallic catalyst for CO2 to CO conversion. A unique distribution of electron density between the defective ceria support and the trimetallic nanoparticles (of Ni, Cu, Zn) was established by creating the strong metal support interaction (SMSI) between the...
• The Aedes aegypti mosquito evolves two types of prophenoloxidases with diversified functions AI翻译
  作者：Zhu, Xiaojing; Zhang, Lei; Jiang, Linlong; Chen, Huaqing; Tang, Yu; Yang, Xiaoyun; Bao, Pengkun; Liao, Chenghong; Li, Jianyong; Vavricka, Christopher J.; Ren, Delin; Chen, Zhaohui; Guo, Yingying; Han, Qian
  作者单位：Hainan University; Hainan University; Hainan Vocational University of Science & Technology; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology
  摘要：Insect phenoloxidase, presented as an inactive precursor prophenoloxidase (PPO) in hemolymph, catalyzes melanin formation, which is involved in wound healing, pathogen killing, reversible oxygen collection during insect respiration, and cuticle and eggshell formation. Mosquitoes possess 9 to 16 PPO members across different genera, a number that is more than that found in other dipteran insects. However, the reasons for the redundancy of these PPOs and whether they have distinct biochemical pro...
• A synapse-specific refractory period for plasticity at individual dendritic spines AI翻译
  作者：Flores, Juan C.; Sarkar, Dipannita; Zito, Karen
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis
  摘要：How newly formed memories are preserved while brain plasticity is ongoing has been a source of debate. One idea is that synapses which experienced recent plasticity become resistant to further plasticity, a type of metaplasticity often referred to as saturation. Here, we probe the local dendritic mechanisms that limit plasticity at recently potentiated synapses. We show that recently potentiated individual synapses exhibit a synapse- specific refractory period for further potentiation. We furt...
• Exome sequencing identifies genes for socioeconomic status in 350,770 individuals AI翻译
  作者：Wu, Xin-Rui; Yang, Liu; Wu, Bang-Sheng; Liu, Wei-Shi; Deng, Yue-Ting; Kang, Ju-Jiao; Dong, Qiang; Sahakian, Barbara J.; Feng, Jian-Feng; Cheng, Wei; Yu, Jin-Tai
  作者单位：Fudan University; Fudan University; Fudan University; Fudan University; Fudan University; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of Warwick
  摘要：Socioeconomic status (SES) is a critical factor in determining health outcomes and is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. However, our understanding of the genetic structure of SES remains incomplete. Here, we conducted a large- scale exome and social deprivation) in 350,770 individuals. For rare coding variants, we identified 56 significant associations by gene- based collapsing tests, unveiling 7 additional and LINC02881). Exome- wide single common variant analysis revealed nine...
• Molecular basis of Spns1-mediated lysophospholipid transport from the lysosome AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Hongwen; Ha, Hoa T. T.; Meinhardt, Nadia Elghobashi -; Le, Nhung A.; Schmiege, Philip; Nguyen, Long N.; Li, Xiaochun
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; National University of Singapore; University College Dublin; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas Dallas
  摘要：Spns1 mediates the rate- limiting efflux of lysophospholipids from the lysosome to the cytosol. Deficiency of Spns1 is associated with embryonic senescence, as well as liver and skeletal muscle atrophy in animal models. However, the mechanisms by which Spns1 transports lysophospholipid and proton sensing remain unclear. Here, we present a cryogenic electron microscopy structure of human Spns1 in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-bound lumen- facing conformation. Notably, LPC snugly binds within th...