Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Structural requirements of KAI2 ligands for activation of signal transduction AI翻译
  作者：Kushihara, Rito; Nakamura, Akihiko; Takegami, Katsuki; Seto, Yoshiya; Kato, Yusuke; Dohra, Hideo; Ohnishi, Toshiyuki; Todoroki, Yasushi; Takeuchi, Jun
  作者单位：Shizuoka University; Shizuoka University; Shizuoka University; National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; Institute for Molecular Science (IMS); Meiji University; Shizuoka University; Shizuoka University
  摘要：Karrikin Insensitive 2 (KAI2), identified as the receptor protein for karrikins (KARs), which are smoke- derived seed germination stimulants, belongs to the same alpha/beta- hydrolase family as D14, the receptor for strigolactones (SLs). KAI2 is believed to recognize an endogenous butenolide (KAI2 ligand; KL), but the identity of this compound remains unknown. Recent studies have suggested that ligand hydrolysis by KAI2 is a prerequisite for receptor activation to induce interaction with the t...
• Urban groundwater supplies facing dual pressures of depletion and contamination in China AI翻译
  作者：Sun, Siao; Liu, Hui; Konar, Megan; Fu, Guangtao; Fang, Chuanglin; Huang, Zhongwei; Li, Guagndong; Qi, Wei; Tang, Qiuhong
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Exeter; Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, CAS
  摘要：Groundwater is essential to urban water supplies throughout the world, but we do not understand how quantity and quality issues may jeopardize the ability of cities to meet their water needs. Here, we present a national analysis of both quantity and quality challenges facing China's urban groundwater supply security, using high- resolution groundwater depletion modeling and a recently compiled dataset detailing quality violations in drinking groundwater sources. We estimate that 180 cities (ab...
• Fungal effector disables cathepsin-driven Toll immunity in insects AI翻译
  作者：Tay, Rebecca J.; Hsueh, Yen-Ping
  作者单位：Academia Sinica - Taiwan
• Scavenger endothelial cells alleviate tissue damage by engulfing toxic molecules derived from hemolysis AI翻译
  作者：Dai, Yimei; Jiang, Yunyun; Cao, Canran; Xu, Yongtai; Lai, Siting; Zhu, Wenchao; Gao, Meng; Li, Feifei; He, Sicong; Xu, Jin
  作者单位：South China University of Technology; South China University of Technology; South China University of Technology; South China University of Technology; South China University of Technology; Southern University of Science & Technology
  摘要：Hemolysis induces tissue damage by releasing cellular contents into the plasma. It is widely accepted that hemolysis- derived toxic molecules are cleared by macrophages or metabolized in hepatocytes. In zebrafish, we found that scavenger endothelial cells (SECs), a specialized endothelium with remarkable endocytosis capability, engulf both macromolecular hemoglobin (Hb) and small molecular unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), two primary toxic byproducts of hemolysis. These engulfment processes are m...
• Decoding resistance in the age of T6SS warfare AI翻译
  作者：Shikuma, Nicholas J.
  作者单位：California State University System; San Diego State University; California State University System; San Diego State University
• Human beauty illustrates the economic impact of heritable physical traits AI翻译
  作者：Hamermesh, Daniel S.; Zhang, Anwen
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; IZA Institute Labor Economics; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Glasgow; Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China
  摘要：Intergenerational transmission of inequality is a central question in the social sciences.We use one trait, beauty, to infer how much parents' physical characteristics transmitinequality across generations. Analyses of a large-scale longitudinal dataset in theUnited States, and a much smaller dataset of Chinese parents and children, show thatincreases in parents' looks are associated with increases in their child's looks. A largedataset of U.S. siblings shows a positive correlation of their be...
• Estimating the legibility of international borders AI翻译
  作者：Kenwick, Michael; Lim, Junghyun; Crane, Skyler; Wehrwein, Scott; Simmons, Beth A.
  作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Western Washington University; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Researchers in the social sciences are interested in the consequences of institutions, increasingly on a global scale. Institutions that may be negotiated between states can have consequences at a microlevel, as local populations adjust their expectations and ulti-mately even their behavior to take institutional rules into account. However, large- scale fine- grained analyses that test for the complex evidence of such institutions locally are rare. This article focuses on a key institution: In...
• Cataract- prone variants of γD- crystallin populate a conformation with a partially unfolded N- terminal domain under native conditions AI翻译
  作者：Volz, Sara; Malone, Jadyn R.; Guseman, Alex J.; Gronenborn, Angela M.; Marqusee, Susan
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：Human gamma D- crystallin, a monomeric protein abundant in the eye lens nucleus, must remain stably folded for an individual's entire lifetime to avoid aggregation and protein deposition- associated cataract formation. gamma D- crystallin contains two homologous domains, an N- terminal domain (NTD) and a C- terminal domain (CTD), which interact via a hydrophobic interface. Several familial mutations in the gamma crystallin gene are linked to congenital early- onset cataract, most of which affe...
• Efficient, scalable, and near- nucleotide- resolution profiling of protein occupancy in the genome with deaminases AI翻译
  作者：Chang, Lei; Ren, Bing
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego
• Suppressing APOE4-induced neural pathologies by targeting the VHL-HIF axis AI翻译
  作者：Jiang, Wei I.; Cao, Yiming; Xue, Yue; Ji, Yichun; Winer, Benjamin Y.; Chandra, Rashmi; Zhang, Xingyuan Fischer; Zhang, Mengqi; Singhal, Neel S.; Pierce, Jonathan T.; Chen, Song; Ma, Dengke K.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California San Francisco; China Pharmaceutical University; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
  摘要：The 84 variant of human apolipoprotein E (APOE4) is a key genetic risk factor for neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and elevated all- cause mortality in humans. Understanding the factors and mechanisms that can mitigate the harmful effects of APOE4 has significant implications. In this study, we find that inactivating the VHL- 1 (Von Hippel-Lindau) protein can suppress mortality, neural and behavioral pathologies caused by transgenic human APOE4 in Caenorhabditis elegans. The protective...