Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Rising surface salinity and declining sea ice: A new Southern Ocean state revealed satellites AI翻译
  作者：Silvano, Alessandro; Narayanan, Aditya; Catany, Rafael; Olmedo, Estrella; Gonzalez-Gambau, Veronica; Turiel, Antonio; Sabia, Roberto; Mazloff, Matthew R.; Spira, Theo; Haumann, F. Alexander; Garabato, Alberto C. Naveira
  作者单位：NERC National Oceanography Centre; University of Southampton; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Centro Mediterraneo de Investigaciones Marinas y Ambientales (CMIMA); CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICM); European Space Agency; European Space Research Institute; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of Gothenburg; Helmholtz Association; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar & Marine Research; University of Munich
  摘要：For decades, the surface of the polar Southern Ocean (south of 50 degrees S) has been freshening-an expected response to a warming climate. This freshening enhanced upper-ocean stratification, reducing the upward transport of subsurface heat and possibly contributing to sea ice expansion. It also limited the formation of open-ocean polynyas. Using satellite observations, we reveal a marked increase in surface salinity across the circumpolar Southern Ocean since 2015. This shift has weakened up...
• Cerebral blood flow is modulated by astrocytic cAMP elevation independently of IP3R2-mediated Ca2+ signaling in mice AI翻译
  作者：Vittani, Marta; Herlo, Rasmus; Wang, Xiaowen; Christensen, Michala Daniela Bach; Vo, Camilla Trang; Mishima, Tsuneko; Kusk, Peter; Konno, Ayumu; Hirai, Hirokazu; Tsuboi, Takashi; Kitaguchi, Tetsuya; Kjaerby, Celia; Asiminas, Antonis; Yokoyama, Tatsushi; Sakamoto, Masayuki; Nedergaard, Maiken; Hirase, Hajime
  作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Columbia University; University of Southern Denmark; Gunma University; Gunma University; University of Tokyo; Kyoto University; University of Rochester
  摘要：Local neural activation drives regional increase of cerebral blood flow (CBF), in a phenomenon known as functional hyperemia. Astrocytes, which enwrap cerebral blood vessels and respond to neuronal activity through their G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), play a vital role in brain energy metabolism. Although astrocytic calcium (Ca2+) signaling has been widely studied in relation to neurovascular coupling, the role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), another key second messenger of GPC...
• Sulfur-mediated transformation from osmium nanocrystals to single atoms for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction AI翻译
  作者：Xue, Wendan; Zhou, Qixing; Wang, Pengfei; Zuo, Sijin; Li, Fengxiang; Jiang, Jiwei; Mo, Fan; Yin, Chuan; Liu, Gaolei; Ban, Zhan; Wei, Yuanyuan; An, Wen; Huang, Xiulin; Wang, Hui; Zhan, Sihui
  作者单位：Nankai University; China Pharmaceutical University
  摘要：Osmium (Os)- based catalysts, recognized for their unique chemical and electronic properties along with cost- effectiveness, hold great potential for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, their practical application has long been limited because pure Os exhibits excessively strong adsorption of intermediates and suffers from stability issues. Herein, we report the development of a highly stable catalyst achieved by implanting the sulfur (S) atom into the matrix, facilitating the tran...
• The adaptive state determines the impact of mutations on evolving populations AI翻译
  作者：Weh, Malgorzata Tyczynska; Kumar, Pragya; Marusyk, Viktoriya; Marusyk, Andriy; Basanta, David
  作者单位：H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida; H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute
  摘要：Darwinian evolution results from an interplay between stochastic diversification of heritable phenotypes, impacting the chance of survival and reproduction, and fitness-based selection. The ability of populations to evolve and adapt to environmental changes depends on rates of mutational diversification and the distribution of fitness effects of random mutations. In turn, the distribution of fitness effects of stochastic mutations can be expected to depend on the adaptive state of a population...
• Ena/VASP-EVH1 inhibition prevents chemotaxis and metastasis by blocking the EVH1-WAVE2 interaction AI翻译
  作者：Mueller, Matthias; Barone, Matthias; van Dinther, Maarten; Motzny, Kathrin; Ren, Jiang; Eichhorst, Jenny; Albat, Dominik; Chiha, Slim; Lehmann, Martin; Volkmer, Rudolf; Oschkinat, Hartmut; Schmalz, Hans-Guenther; ten Dijke, Peter; Kuehne, Ronald
  作者单位：Leibniz Association; Leibniz Forschungsinstitut furr Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP); Humboldt University of Berlin; Free University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Institute of Health; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Leiden University; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC); University of Cologne
  摘要：Cancer therapy would benefit from suppressing cancer cell motility in the process of metastasis. Such directed cell migration relies on the propulsive force established by the filamentous actin network within lamellipodia. Proteins of the Ena/VASP family and the WAVE regulatory complex orchestrate lamellar protrusions and therefore provide promising targets for pharmacological interventions. Here, we report a cross-talk between Ena/VASP proteins and WAVE2 that is important for cancer cell extr...
• Global kinetic model of lipid-induced a-synuclein aggregation and its inhibition by small molecules AI翻译
  作者：Stevenson, Alisdair; Staats, Roxine; Dear, Alexander J.; Voderholzer, David; Dreier, Jesper E.; Meisl, Georg; Guido, Raphael; Knowles, Tuomas P. J.; Galvagnion, Celine; Buell, Alexander K.; Vendruscolo, Michele; Michaels, Thomas C. T.
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of Cambridge; University of Copenhagen; Technical University of Denmark
  摘要：The aggregation of a-synuclein into amyloid fibrils is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease. This process has been shown to directly involve interactions between proteins and lipid surfaces when the latter are present. Despite this importance, the molecular mechanisms of lipid-induced amyloid aggregation have remained largely elusive. Here, we present a global kinetic model to describe lipid-induced amyloid aggregation of a-synuclein. Using this framework, we find that a-synuclein fibrils form vi...
• Large language models show amplified cognitive biases in moral decision-making AI翻译
  作者：Cheung, Vanessa; Maier, Maximilian; Lieder, Falk
  作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
  摘要：As large language models (LLMs) become more widely used, people increasingly rely on them to make or advise on moral decisions. Some researchers even propose using LLMs as participants in psychology experiments. It is, therefore, important to understand how well LLMs make moral decisions and how they compare to humans. We investigated these questions by asking a range of LLMs to emulate or advise on people's decisions in realistic moral dilemmas. In Study 1, we compared LLM responses to those ...
• Tumor-promoting UBR4 coordinates impaired mitophagy-associated senescence and lung adenocarcinoma pathogenesis AI翻译
  作者：Jeong, Dawon; Park, Seo Hyeong; Kim, Jiwon; Kim, Hyeyoon; Jang, Yejin; Koh, Jaemoon; Jeon, Yoon Kyung; Tasaki, Takafumi; Kwon, Yong Tae; Han, Dohyun; Cho, Sung-Yup; Lee, Min Jae
  作者单位：Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul National University (SNU); Seoul National University Hospital; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Seoul National University (SNU); Kanazawa Medical University; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Seoul National University (SNU)
  摘要：Cellular senescence, an irreversible cell cycle arrest, plays a pivotal role in development, aging, and tumor suppression. However, the fundamental pathway coordinating senescence and neoplastic transformation remains unclear. Here, we describe the tumorigenic involvement of ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 4 (UBR4), an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the N-degron pathway, in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Public genome databases revealed high UBR4 expression in LUAD patients, associated w...
• A synchrotron-like pumped ring resonator for water waves AI翻译
  作者：Vivanco, Isis; Egli, Alexander; Cartwright, Bruce; Marin, Juan F.; Gordillo, Leonardo
  作者单位：Universidad de Chile; University of Newcastle; Universidad Tecnologica Metropolitana
  摘要：The wave-like behavior of matter in quantum physics has spurred insightful analogies between the dynamics of particles and waves in classical systems. In this study, drawing inspiration from synchrotrons that resonate to accelerate ions along a closed path, we introduce a synchrowave: a waveguide designed to generate and sustain traveling water waves within an annular channel. In analogy to unavoidable energy losses in conventional particle accelerators due to electromagnetic radiation and ine...
• Simpson's gender-equality paradox AI翻译
  作者：Berggren, Mathias; Bergh, Robin
  作者单位：Uppsala University
  摘要：Several cross-country examinations have found larger gender differences in Western countries. More recently, it has been argued, from an evolutionary standpoint, that equality may paradoxically increase gender differences, because it provides more freedom for men and women to pursue innate preferences. However, this paradox has primarily been examined with this cross-country methodology, opening up for other cultural differences to drive the results. For instance, measures developed in Protest...