Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Cdc42 defect reveals insights into microvilli organization and function in T cell immunity AI翻译
  作者：Soh, Won-Chang; Park, Sang-Moo; Park, Jeong-Su; Karabulut, Hatice; Kang, Hee-Tae; Kang, Sun-Kyoung; Kim, Min-Sang; Park, Jihwan; Lee, Sunjae; Kim, Hye-Ran; Jun, Chang-Duk
  作者单位：Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST); Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST); National Cancer Center - Korea (NCC)
  摘要：Microvilli on T cells differ from those on epithelial cells, exhibiting filopodia-like characteristics that facilitate the clustering of molecules essential for sensing and cell migration. Recently, they have also been recognized as the structures from which T cell immunological synaptosomes (TIS) are released. In this study, we examined a key determinant of microvilli organization during T cell development and explored the functional roles of these structures, particularly in relation to T ce...
• Differential representations of spatial location by aperiodic and alpha oscillatory activity in working memory AI翻译
  作者：Bender, Andrew; Zhao, Chong; Vogel, Edward; Awh, Edward; Voytek, Bradley
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：Decades of research have shown working memory (WM) relies on sustained prefrontal cortical activity and visual extrastriate activity, particularly in the alpha (8 to 12 Hz) frequency range. This alpha activity tracks the spatial location of WM items, even when spatial position is task-irrelevant and no stimulus is currently being presented. Traditional analyses of putative oscillations using bandpass filters, however, conflate oscillations with nonoscillatory aperiodic activity. Here, we reana...
• Unusual bone bed reveals a vertebrate community with pterosaurs and turtles in equatorial Pangaea before the end- Triassic extinction AI翻译
  作者：Kligman, Ben T.; Whatley, Robin L.; Ramezani, Jahandar; Marsh, Adam D.; Lyson, Tyler R.; Fitch, Adam J.; Parker, William G.; Behrensmeyer, Anna K.
  作者单位：Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：Temporally constrained microvertebrate bone beds are powerful tools for understanding continent-scale biotic change. Such sites are rare globally in nonmarine settings during the 12 million years (Ma) preceding the end-Triassic extinction (ETE; similar to 201.5 Ma), obscuring patterns of faunal change across this interval. A vertebrate assemblage from Arizona, USA, provides unique insights into community composition and ecology prior to the ETE. PFV 393 is a macro- and microvertebrate bone bed...
• Decoding nature's grammar with DNA language models AI翻译
  作者：Morrell, Peter L.; Pakhomov, Serguei, V
  作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
• Including the gender dimension of migration is essential to avoid systematic bias in migration predictions AI翻译
  作者：Anastasiadou, Athina; Zagheni, Emilio; de Valk, Helga A. G.
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Groningen; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences; Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI-KNAW)
  摘要：This study examines the theoretical and methodological limitations of migration research in understanding gender-specific trends of migration. In particular, theory-driven methods suffer from the gender blindness of migration theories, while data-driven methods suffer from the scarcity of gender disaggregated migration data. This research aims to evaluate how these dual limitations affect the accuracy of commonly used migration prediction models. By analyzing migration flows disaggregated by g...
• Osteoinductive low- dose 3D porous calcium phosphate graphene oxide-integrated matrices enhance osteogenesis and mechanical properties AI翻译
  作者：Hosseini, Fatemeh S.; Whitfield, Taraje; Orlando, Jason D.; Deng, Chenyun; Abedini, Amir A.; Argyrou, Chrysoula; Kan, Ho - Man; Ghosh, Debolina; Maye, Peter F.; Lo, Kevin W. - H.; Nair, LakshmiS.; Sydlik, Stefanie A.; Laurencin, Cato T.
  作者单位：University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut; University of Connecticut
  摘要：Bone regeneration continues to be a challenge due to the complex nature of the tissue. Identifying new materials that stimulate regeneration while providing mechanical properties is an active area of research. One class of promising material in bone regeneration is graphene and its derivatives including graphene oxide (GO), the oxidized form of graphene. Recently, calcium phosphate graphene (CaPG), synthesized from GO, has been proven to have osteoinductive properties in vivo. However, CaPG is...
• Unveiling the charge transport blockade in the D2 branch of the photosystem II reaction center AI翻译
  作者：Mandal, Aditya Kumar; Basera, Shubham; Goddard III, William A.; Maiti, Prabal K.
  作者单位：Indian Institute of Science (IISC) - Bangalore; California Institute of Technology
  摘要：Photosynthesis, the fundamental process sustaining life on Earth, depends on the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center's ability to initiate the charge transport process. In this study, we have investigated this charge transport process with a focus on the dissimilarity between the two branches of the PSII reaction center, D1 and D2. Utilizing Marcus theory, we have calculated the reorganization energies and activation barriers for all the key steps involved in the charge transport process. Ou...
• Onset of cavitation and vapor bubble development over hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces AI翻译
  作者：Lin, Chensen; Maxey, Martin R.; Li, Zhen; Zhang, Kaixuan; Karniadakis, George Em
  作者单位：Fudan University; Brown University; Clemson University; Nankai University
  摘要：Cavitation, the formation of vapor bubbles as the liquid pressure is reduced below the saturated vapor pressure, often requires a substantial negative relative pressure in a pure liquid. Classical nucleation theory (CNT) provides an estimate for the rate of cavitation but there is often a disconnect between the predictions at the molecular scale compared to observations at the macroscale. We report on mesoscale simulations of cavitation based on many-body dissipative particle dynamics (mDPD), ...
• Prehistoric archives reveal evidence of predator loss and release in Caribbean reef fish communities AI翻译
  作者：O'Dea, Aaron; Dillon, Erin M.; Brandl, Simon J.; Cramer, Katie L.; Cybulski, Jonathan D.; de Gracia, Brigida; Garcia-Mendez, Kimberly; Griswold, Katherine; Lin, Chien-Hsiang; Leray, Matthieu; Lueders-Dumont, Jessica A.; Sellers, Andrew J.; Wake, Thomas A.
  作者单位：Smithsonian Institution; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacin (SENACYT); University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; University of Rhode Island; Academia Sinica - Taiwan; Boston College; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
  摘要：Understanding how humans have altered coral reef food webs remains challenging due to the absence of prehistoric baselines. Here, we use fish remains preserved in fossil and archaeological deposits from Panam & aacute; and the Dominican Republic to explore how Caribbean reef fish mortality patterns have changed over millennia. By quantifying accumulation rates of shark dermal denticles (scales) and bony fish otoliths (ear stones) in reef sediments, we assess relative fish abundance, while otol...
• A molecular tango between chromatin and metabolites orchestrates a feedback switch for alcohol consumption AI翻译
  作者：Schmidt, Heidi M.; Tarling, Elizabeth J.; Vallim, Thomas Q. de Aguiar
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA