Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
PNAS is one of the world's most-cited multidisciplinary scientific serials. Since its establishment in 1914, it continues to publish cutting-edge research reports, commentaries, reviews, perspectives, colloquium papers, and actions of the Academy. Coverage in PNAS spans the biological, physical, and social sciences. PNAS is published weekly in print, and daily online in PNAS Early Edition. The PNAS impact factor is 9.737 and the Eigenfactor is 1.
作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco
摘要：Sleep is an essential component of our daily life. A mutation in human salt induced kinase 3 (hSIK3), which is critical for regulating sleep duration and depth in rodents, is associated with natural short sleep (NSS), a condition characterized by reduced daily sleep duration in human subjects. This NSS hSIK3-N783Y mutation results in diminished kinase activity in vitro. In a mouse model, the presence of the NSS hSIK3-N783Y mutation leads to a decrease in sleep time and an increase in electroen...
作者单位：Jiangsu University; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Nanyang Technological University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Acoustics, CAS; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Nanyang Technological University
摘要：Bloch wavefunctions in crystals experience localization within the bulk when disorder is introduced, a phenomenon commonly known as Anderson localization. This effect is considered universal, being applicable to all types of waves, quantum or classical. However, the interaction between disorder and topology-a concept that has profoundly transformed many branches of physics-necessitates revisiting the original Anderson localization picture. For instance, in the recently discovered topological A...
作者：Lewis, Natasha S.; Zedlitz, Silja; Ausserwoger, Hannes; McCall, Patrick M.; Hubatsch, Lars; Nousch, Marco; Gruss, Martine Ruer -; Hoege, Carsten; Juelicher, Frank; Eckmann, Christian R.; Knowles, Tuomas P. J.; Hyman, Anthony A.
作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Cambridge; Technische Universitat Dresden; Leibniz Institut fur Polymerforschung Dresden; Max Planck Society; Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg; University of Cambridge
摘要：MEX-5 regulates the formation and dissolution of P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, yet the thermodynamic basis of its activity remains unclear. Here, using a time-resolved in vitro reconstitution system, we show that MEX-5 dissolves preassembled liquid-like PGL-3/RNA condensates by altering RNA availability and shifting the phase boundary. We develop a microfluidic assay to systematically analyze how MEX-5 influences phase separation. By measuring the contribution of PGL-3 to phase...
作者：Granulo, Armin; Fuchs, Christoph; Boehm, Robert
作者单位：Technical University of Munich; University of Vienna; University of Vienna; University of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen; University of Innsbruck
摘要：Governments need to develop and implement effective policies to address pressing societal problems of our time, such as climate change and global pandemics. While some policies focus on changing individual thoughts and behaviors (e.g., informational interventions, behavioral nudges), others involve systemic changes (e.g., car bans, vaccination mandates). Policymakers may use system-level policies to achieve socially desirable outcomes, yet often refrain from doing so because they anticipate pu...
摘要：The distribution of sugars is crucial for plant energy, signaling, and defense mechanisms. Sugar Transport Proteins (STPs) are Sugar Porters (SPs) that mediate proton-driven cellular uptake of glucose. Some STPs also transport fructose, while others remain highly selective for only glucose. What determines this selectivity, allowing STPs to distinguish between compounds with highly similar chemical composition, remains unknown. Here, we present the structure ofArabidopsis thaliana STP6 in an i...
作者：Azimzadeh, Julien B.; Quinones, Patricia M.; Oghalai, John S.; Ricci, Anthony J.
作者单位：Stanford University; University of Southern California; University of Southern California; Stanford University
摘要：Although cochlear implants (CI) are the standard of care for profound sensorineural hearing loss they are technically constrained by the tendency of electrical current to spread within the fluid-filled chambers of the cochlea. This limits the resolution of individual electrodes and patients' perceptions of complex sounds. Infrared irradiation has been proposed as an alternative to electrical stimulation because it can elicit auditory responses while being spatially constrained, theoretically p...
摘要：Natural faults are typically nonplanar and exhibit multiple bends, which deviate from the general fault orientation at different angles. However, while such deviations are considered a key factor controlling earthquake propagation and, hence, its intensity and magnitude, direct experimental evidence of how bends affect earthquake ruptures is nearly nonexistent. Here, we present direct experimental observations of the interaction of dynamic frictional ruptures with fault (double-) bends of diff...
作者：Arp, Abbey B.; Gutierrez, Andrea Abel; ter Beest, Martin; Franken, Guus A.; Warner, Harry; Furones, Andrea Rodgers; Kenyon, Angelique N.; Jaeger, Franziska; Cabrera-Orefice, Alfredo; Klaesener, Kathrin; van Deventer, Sjoerd; Droesen, Lenny; Dunlock, Vera Marie E.; Classens, Rene; Staniek, Julian; Borst, Jannie; Reth, Michael; Brandt, Ulrich; Gros, Piet; Kuijpersi, Taco W.; Heemskerk, Mirjam H. M.; Rizzi, Marta; Cano, Laia Querol; van Spriel, Annemiek B.
作者单位：Radboud University Nijmegen; Utrecht University; Radboud University Nijmegen; University of Freiburg; University of Freiburg; University of Freiburg; University of Freiburg; Leiden University; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC); Leiden University; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC); Emma Children's Hospital; University of Amsterdam; Leiden University; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC); Medical University of Vienna; University of Freiburg; Johns Hopkins University
摘要：CD20 is a four-transmembrane protein expressed at the surface of B cells from late pro-B cells to memory B cells, with the exception of plasma cells. Its expression pattern makes it an attractive therapeutic target for different B cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Despite the clinical success of CD20-targeting antibodies, the biology of the CD20 protein is still not well understood. We investigated CD20 binding partners in the membrane of human B cells using immunoprecipitation follow...
作者：Ewart, Robert J.; Nastac, Michael L.; Bilbao, Pablo J.; Silva, Thales; Silva, Luis O.; Schekochihin, Alexander A.
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; Universidade de Lisboa; University of Oxford
摘要：Generic equilibria are derived for turbulent relaxing plasmas via an entropy-maximization procedure that accounts for the short-time conservation of certain collisionless invariants. The conservation of these collisionless invariants endows the system with a partial memory of its prior conditions but is imperfect on long time scales due to the development of a turbulent cascade to small scales, which breaks the precise conservation of phase volume, making this memory imprecise. The equilibria ...
作者单位：Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) reside on cell surfaces and uptake substrates, including L-glutamate, L-aspartate, and D-aspartate, using ion gradients. Among five EAATs, EAAT3 is the only isoform that can efficiently transport L-cysteine, a substrate for glutathione synthesis. Recent studies suggest that EAAT3 also transports the oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG). Here, we examined the structural basis of substrate recognition by determining the cryogenic electron microsc...
