Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

最新文章

• Evolving general cooperation with a Bayesian theory of mind AI翻译
  作者：Kleiman-Weiner, Max; Vientos, Alejandro; Rand, David G.; Tenenbaum, Joshua B.
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：Theories of the evolution of cooperation through reciprocity explain how unrelated self-interested individuals can accomplish more together than they can on their own. The most prominent theories of reciprocity, such as tit-for-tat or win-stay-lose-shift, are inflexible automata that lack a theory of mind-the human ability to infer the hidden mental states in others' minds. Here, we develop a model of reciprocity with a theory of mind, the Bayesian Reciprocator. When making decisions, this mod...
• Combined targeting of PRDX6 and GSTP1 as a potential differentiation strategy for neuroblastoma treatment AI翻译
  作者：Liano-Pons, Judit; Garde-Lapido, Elisa; Fahrig, Fenja L.; Jackering, Merle; Yuan, Ye; Andersson, Stina; Schort, Lea; Esteve, Maria; Mohlin, Sofie; Bedoya-Reina, Oscar C.; Arsenian-Henriksson, Marie
  作者单位：Karolinska Institutet; Lund University; Lund University; Lund University; Karolinska Institutet; Orebro University; Lund University
  摘要：Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous childhood cancer, characterized by the amplification of the MYCNoncogene in 40% of the high-risk cases. Our previous work demonstrated that MYCN drives metabolic reprogramming in NB, including upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. Here, we identify peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) as a promising therapeutic target in NB. Pharmacological inhibition of PRDX6 reduces MYCN levels, induces apoptosis, and promotes neuronal differentiation accompanied by lipid droplet accu...
• A distinct LHCI arrangement is recruited to photosystem I in Fe- starved green algae AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Helen W.; Khera, Radhika; Grob, Patricia; Gallaher, Sean D.; Purvine, Samuel O.; Nicora, Carrie D.; Lipton, Mary S.; Niyogi, Krishna K.; Nogales, Eva; Iwai, Masakazu; Merchant, Sabeeha S.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  摘要：Iron (Fe) availability limits photosynthesis at a global scale where Fe-rich photosystem (PS) I abundance is drastically reduced in Fe-poor environments. We used single-particle cryoelectron microscopy to reveal a unique Fe starvation-dependent arrangement of light-harvesting chlorophyll (LHC) proteins where Fe starvation-induced TIDI1 is found in an additional tetramer of LHC proteins associated with PSI in Dunaliella tertiolecta and Dunaliella salina. These cosmopolitan green algae are resil...
• Neuronal ALKAL2 and its ALK receptor contribute to the development of colitis- associated colorectal cancer AI翻译
  作者：Cumenal, Melissa Delanne-; Defaye, Manon; Cumenal, Ameline Delanne-; Ahmed, Mansoor; Ho, Valerie; Abdullah, Nasser S.; Alhassoun, Mohamad; Svendsen, Kristofer; Mager, Lukas; Schlessinger, Joseph; Hirota, Simon; Altier, Christophe
  作者单位：University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Calgary; Yale University; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Eberhard Karls University Hospital
  摘要：Tumor-infiltrating nerves play a critical role in cancer progression and treatment resistance. Our recent work identified ALKAL2, a ligand for the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) receptor, as a key mediator of inflammatory pain, with its expression significantly elevated in TRPV1+ sensory neurons during inflammation. Here, we explored the regulation of neuronal ALKAL2 in a colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) model. We found that neuronal ALKAL2 is upregulated at early stages of CAC, wh...
• Take caution in using LLMs as human surrogates AI翻译
  作者：Gao, Yuan; Lee, Dokyun; Burtch, Gordon; Fazelpour, Sina
  作者单位：Boston University; Boston University; Northeastern University; Northeastern University
  摘要：Recent studies suggest large language models (LLMs) can generate human-like responses, aligning with human behavior in economic experiments, surveys, and political discourse. This has led many to propose that LLMs can be used as surrogates or simulations for humans in social science research. However, LLMs differ fundamentally from humans, relying on probabilistic patterns, absent the embodied experiences or survival objectives that shape human cognition. We assess the reasoning depth of LLMs ...
• Revealing unseen dynamical regimes of ecosystems from population time-series data AI翻译
  作者：Medeiros, Lucas P.; Sorenson, Darian K.; Johnson, Bethany J.; Palkovacs, Eric P.; Munch, Stephan B.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; National Oceanic Atmospheric Admin (NOAA) - USA
  摘要：Many dynamical systems can exist in alternative regimes for which small changes in an environmental driver can cause sudden jumps between regimes. In ecology, predicting the regime of population fluctuations under unobserved levels of an environmental driver has remained an unsolved challenge with important implications for conservation and management. Here, we show that integrating time-series data and information on a putative driver into a Gaussian Process regression model for the system's ...
• Sensitivity of mass-independent Sn isotope fractionation to UV radiation and magnetic fields AI翻译
  作者：She, Jia - Xin; Li, Weiqiang; Zhang, Shujuan; Gu, Cheng; Chen, Xiru; Zheng, Hongcen; Xu, Cheng; Liu, Wei
  作者单位：Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology & Environment
  摘要：Mass-independent isotope fractionation (MIF) enables powerful geochemical tracers for various geological and planetary problems, yet the mechanisms driving MIF for tin (Sn) remain ambiguous. Here, we demonstrate that distinct Sn isotope fractionation signatures were produced during photolysis of organic Sn species (i.e., methyltin) under laboratory UV irradiation and natural sunlight. UV irradiation of methyltin induced pronounced Sn-MIF in all odd Sn isotopes (Delta Sn-115 up to 21.82 parts p...
• Intermediate light adaptation induces oscillatory phototaxis switching and pattern formation in Chlamydomonas AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Zhao; Tsang, Alan C. H.
  作者单位：University of Hong Kong
  摘要：Biological microswimmers exhibit intricate taxis behaviors in response to environmental stimuli and swim in complex trajectories to navigate their environment. How microswimmers respond to stimulus instantaneously, and how adaptation to stimulus influences their long-term behavioral changes, remains largely unclear. Here, we report an oscillatory phototaxis observed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at intermediate light intensities, where cells swim back-and-forth under a constant, unidirectional ...
• High- frequency monitoring enables machine learning-based forecasting of acute child malnutrition for early warning AI翻译
  作者：Constenla-Villoslada, Susana; Liu, Yanyan; McBride, Linden; Ouma, Clinton; Mutanda, Nelson; Barrett, Christopher B.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Cornell University; Cornell University
  摘要：The number of acutely food insecure people worldwide has doubled since 2017, increasing demand for early warning systems (EWS) that can predict food emergencies. Advances in computational methods, and the growing availability of near- real time remote sensing data, suggest that big data approaches might help meet this need. But such models have thus far exhibited low predictive skill with respect to subpopulation- level acute malnutrition indicators. We explore whether updating training data w...
• Amortized template matching of molecular conformations from cryoelectron microscopy images using simulation-based inference AI翻译
  作者：Dingeldein, Lars; Silva-Sanchez, David; Evans, Luke; D'Imprima, Edoardo; Grigorieff, Nikolaus; Covino, Roberto; Cossio, Pilar
  作者单位：Goethe University Frankfurt; Yale University; Simons Foundation; Flatiron Institute; IRCCS Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Worcester; UMass Chan Medical School; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Worcester; UMass Chan Medical School; Goethe University Frankfurt; Simons Foundation; Flatiron Institute
  摘要：Characterizing the conformational ensemble of biomolecular systems is key to understand their functions. Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) captures two-dimensional snapshots of biomolecular ensembles, giving in principle access to thermodynamics. However, these images are very noisy and show projections of the molecule in unknown orientations, making it very difficult to identify the biomolecule's conformation in each individual image. Here, we introduce cryo-EM simulation-based inference (cry...