Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Whole- brain white matter variation across childhood environments AI翻译
  作者：Carozza, Sofia; Kletenik, Isaiah; Astle, Duncan; Schwamm, Lee; Dhand, Amar
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC); Yale University; Yale University
  摘要：White matter develops over the course of childhood in an experience-dependent manner. However, its role in the relationship between the early environment and later cognition is unclear, in part due to focus on changes in specific gray matter regions. This study examines white matter differences across adolescents from diverse environments, evaluating both their extent throughout the brain and their contribution to cognitive outcomes. Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (...
• Probing ultraweak in- plane magnetic anisotropy within a two- dimensional layered antiferromagnet AI翻译
  作者：Fan, Yijie; Xu, Yihong; Bian, Renji; Zhang, Ruan; Mei, Junning; Wu, Jiaxin; Xie, Binghe; Zhu, Shuangxing; Chen, Yu; Gu, Feifan; Liu, Ying; Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Liu, Fucai; Cai, Xinghan
  作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; University of Electronic Science & Technology of China; National Institute for Materials Science; University of Electronic Science & Technology of China; University of Electronic Science & Technology of China
  摘要：Magnetic anisotropy plays a crucial role in determining the critical behavior and phase transitions in two- dimensional magnetic systems. It is also required for the design of thin- film spintronic devices. Despite its significance, sensing extremely weak anisotropy has proven challenging in van der Waals antiferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic materials. Here, we first employ simulations of micromagnetic energy function in few- layer easy- plane antiferromagnetic systems with a weak additional uniaxi...
• Compositional and topological determinants of a physiological Ashwell-Morell receptor ligand AI翻译
  作者：Hintze, John; Fraumeni, Robert; de Haan, Noortje; Miller, Rebecca L.; Saraswat, Mayank; Yang, Zhang; Clausen, Henrik; Marth, Jamey D.
  作者单位：Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute; University of Copenhagen; Leiden University; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC); Leiden University - Excl LUMC
  摘要：The hepatocyte Ashwell-Morell receptor (AMR) is the prototypical mammalian lectin and the first cell receptor isolated. This recycling endocytic receptor of the plasma membrane determines the concentrations of hundreds of circulating glycoproteins the blood and plays important roles in host responses to and outcomes of infection. The compositional and topological determinants of a physiological AMR ligand have remained unclear with contradictory findings reported. Previous studies established ...
• Glassy ionogels with high compressibility and strength for impact protection AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Jiayu; Zhang, Shilong; Li, Lingling; Wang, Xiaoliang; Xiong, Jiaofeng; Li, Qingning; Li, Weizheng; Yan, Feng
  作者单位：Soochow University - China; Nanjing University; Donghua University
  摘要：Solvents within gels enhance the mobility of polymer chain segments while concurrently diminishing interchain interactions, thereby facilitating the ductility of glassy polymers at the cost of their mechanical strength. Here, we develop a solvent toughening strategy for the preparation of highly compressible and high-strength ionogels in the glassy state. This approach leverages the synergistic effects of the slow dissociation-shift kinetics of solvent ionic liquids and polymer crystallization...
• LMX1B missense- perturbation of regulatory element footprints disrupts serotonergic forebrain axon arborization AI翻译
  作者：Eastman, Brent; Tabuchi, Nobuko; Zhang, Xinrui L.; Spencer, William C.; Deneris, Evan S.
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University
  摘要：Pathogenic coding mutations are prevalent in human neuronal transcription factors (TFs) but how they disrupt development is poorly understood. Lmx1b is a master transcriptional regulator of postmitotic Pet1 neurons that give rise to mature serotonin (5-HT) neurons; over two hundred pathogenic heterozygous mutations have been discovered in human LMX1B, yet their impact on brain development has not been investigated. Here, we developed mouse models with different LMX1B DNA-binding missense mutat...
• A national megastudy shows that email nudges to elementary school teachers boost student math achievement, particularly when personalized AI翻译
  作者：Duckworth, Angela L.; Ko, Ahra; Milkman, Katherine L.; Kay, Joseph S.; Dimant, Eugen; Gromet, Dena M.; Halpern, Aden; Jung, Youngwoo; Paxson, Madeline K.; Zumaran, Ramon A. Silvera; Berman, Ron; Brody, Ilana; Camerer, Colin F.; Canning, Elizabeth A.; Dai, Hengchen; Gallo, Marcos; Hershfield, Hal E.; Hilchey, Matthew D.; Kalil, Ariel; Kroeper, Kathryn M.; Lyon, Amy; Manning, Benjamin S.; Mazar, Nina; Michelini, Michelle; Mayer, Susan E.; Murphy, Mary C.; Oreopoulos, Philip; Parker, Sharon E.; Rondina, Renante; Soman, Dilip; van den Bulte, Christophe
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of Pennsylvania; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; California Institute of Technology; Washington State University; Sacred Heart University; Boston University; University of Toronto
  摘要：In response to the alarming recent decline in US math achievement, we conducted a national megastudy in which 140,461 elementary school teachers who collectively taught 2,992,027 students were randomly assigned to receive a variety of behaviorally informed email nudges aimed at improving students' progress in math. Specifically, we partnered with the nonprofit educational platform Zearn Math to compare the impact of 15 different interventions with a reminder-only megastudy control condition. A...
• Nanosilica supplementation in tomato increases oviposition on stems and caterpillar mortality in the tomato pinworm AI翻译
  作者：Fiaboe, Kokou R.; Khamis, Fathiya M.; Cheseto, Xavier; Yusuf, Abdullahi A.; Torto, Baldwyn
  作者单位：International Centre of Insect Physiology & Ecology (ICIPE); University of Pretoria
  摘要：Silicon-induced responses play a key role in plant defense against herbivory, though the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. In this study, we examined how mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) affect tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) defense against an invasive and highly destructive lepidopteran herbivore, the tomato pinworm (TPW), Phthorimaea absoluta. In tomato plants supplemented with MSN, prior exposure to TPW oviposition shifted subsequent egg-laying from a preference for leaves to...
• Modulation of host gene expression by the zinc finger antiviral protein AI翻译
  作者：Goncalves-Carneiro, Daniel; Mastrocola, Emily; Lei, Xiao; Bieniasz, Paul D.
  作者单位：Imperial College London; Rockefeller University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Rockefeller University
  摘要：The zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) depletes nonself RNAs through recognition of their elevated CpG dinucleotide content. CpG dinucleotides are sparse in most endogenous mammalian mRNAs, but a subset might potentially be modulated by ZAP. While CpG frequency alone is insufficient to predict ZAP- regulation, we developed an algorithm using experimentally determined compositional features to predict which endogenous mRNAs may be ZAP- regulated. Using ZAP- knockout mice, we demonstrate that l...
• Androgen receptors in corticotropin- releasing hormone neurons mediate the sexual dimorphism in restraint- induced thymic atrophy AI翻译
  作者：Meng, Yutong; Li, Yaning; Gu, Huating; Chen, Ziyao; Cui, Xiaoyang; Wang, Xiaodong
  作者单位：National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing; Tsinghua University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Biophysics, CAS; Tsinghua University
  摘要：Sexual dimorphism in immune responses is well documented, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we identified a subset of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons that express androgen receptors (ARs) as key mediators of sex differences in restraint-induced immunosuppression. Mechanistically, androgens directly activate AR-positive CRH neurons, enhancing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation. This results in elevated corticosterone levels in resp...
• Red-light signaling pathway activates desert cyanobacteria to prepare for desiccation tolerance AI翻译
  作者：Xu, Hai-Feng; Dai, Guo-Zheng; Li, Ren-Han; Bai, Yang; Zuo, Ai-Wei; Zhao, Lei; Cui, Shu-Ren; Shang, Jin-Long; Cheng, Chao; Wang, Yu-Jie; Feng, Gui-Fang; Duanmu, Deqiang; Kaplan, Aaron; Qiu, Bao-Sheng
  作者单位：Central China Normal University; Central China Normal University; Huazhong Agricultural University; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  摘要：Desiccation-tolerant cyanobacteria are able to survive frequent cycles of hydration and dehydration, which are closely linked to diurnal light oscillations. Previous studies have shown that light serves as a crucial anticipatory cue, activating desert cyanobacteria to prepare for desiccation. However, the mechanisms underlying their light-coupled desiccation tolerance remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that red-light-induced photosynthetic genes are positively regulated by a LuxR fam...