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作者：He, Qi; Lu, Jiawei; Liang, Qiushi; Yao, Lutian; Sun, Tingfang; Wang, Huan; Duffy, Michael; Jiang, Xi; Lin, Yuewei; Lee, Ji- Hyung; Ahn, Jaimo; Dyment, Nathaniel A.; Mourkioti, Foteini; Boerckel, Joel D.; Qin, Ling
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Tongji University; Emory University; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Clinically, compromised fracture healing often occurs at sites with less muscle coverage and muscle flaps can provide the necessary healing environment for appropriate healing in severe bone loss. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we established a mouse reporter model for studying muscle cell contribution to bone fracture repair. Analyzing skeletal muscle scRNA-seq datasets revealed that Prg4 marks a fibroadipogenic progenitor (FAP) subpopulation. In mice, Prg4+ cel...
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作者：Laurito, Walter; Davis, Benjamin; Grietzer, Peli; Gavenciak, Tomas; Bohm, Ada; Kulveit, Jan
作者单位：Charles University Prague
摘要：Are large language models (LLMs) biased in favor of communications produced by LLMs, leading to possible antihuman discrimination? Using a classical experimental design inspired by employment discrimination studies, we tested widely used LLMs, including GPT-3.5, GPT-4 and a selection of recent open-weight models in binary choice scenarios. These involved LLM-based assistants selecting between goods (the goods we study include consumer products, academic papers, and film-viewings) described eit...
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作者：Muirhead, Christina A.; Marti, Emiliano; Shogren, Elsie H.; Uy, J. Albert C.; Presgraves, Daven C.
作者单位：University of Rochester
摘要：The standard model of sex chromosome evolution is based on ancient XY or ZW systems. Young neo-sex chromosomes that form via the translocation of autosomal material to preexisting sex chromosomes provide materials to study early events in sex chromosome evolution. Neo-sex chromosomes are taxonomically widespread but, until recently, appeared to be rare in female-heterogametic taxa, including birds. Here, we report on the comparative evolutionary genomics of newly discovered neo-Z and neo-W sex...
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作者：Nobakht, Jahangir; Pscherer, Andre; Renger, Jan; Goetzinger, Stephan; Sandoghdar, Vahid
作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Erlangen Nuremberg; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
摘要：Atoms and molecules usually hybridize and form bonds when they come in very close proximity of each other. In this work, we show that molecules can hybridize even through far-field electromagnetic interactions mediated by the shared mode of an optical microcavity. We discuss a collective enhancement of the vacuum Rabi splitting and study super-and subradiant states that arise from the cavity-mediated coupling both in the resonant and dispersive regimes. Moreover, we demonstrate a two-photon tr...
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作者：Pupulewatte, Heshani; Gorbunov, Maxim Y.; Moore, C. Mark; Selden, Corday R.; Keogh, Thomas J.; Furby, Joe; Hawley, Ruth; Lohan, Maeve C.; Bibby, Thomas S.; Falkowski, Paul G.
作者单位：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; NERC National Oceanography Centre; University of Southampton; Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) - South Africa
摘要：Oxygenic photosynthesis requires excitation energy transfer from light- harvesting complexes (LHCs) to reaction centers (RCs) to drive photochemical redox chemistry. The effective absorption cross section of RCs dynamically responds to the light environment on time scales of seconds to days, allowing rapid acclimations to changes in spectral irradiance and photoprotection under high light, thereby optimizing light absorption for photochemistry. Although energy coupling between LHC-RCs has been...
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作者：Sgarlata, Gabriele Maria; Maie, Tiago; de Zoeten, Tiago; Salmona, Jordi; Rasteiro, Rita; Chikhi, Lounes
作者单位：Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; RWTH Aachen University; RWTH Aachen University Hospital; Universite Federale Toulouse Midi-Pyrenees (ComUE); Universite de Toulouse; Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier; University of Bristol; Universidade de Lisboa
摘要：Natural habitats have undergone drastic changes in quality, continuity, and extent during the Pleistocene, influencing the distribution of many species. More recently, human activities have converted continuous habitats into fragmented and isolated patches. Recent meta-analyses suggest that habitat loss and fragmentation (HL&F) have negatively impacted the genetic diversity of species but very few studies have analyzed the consequences of HL&F on the spatial distribution of genetic diversity a...
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作者：Fricke, Evan C.; Cook-Patton, Susan C.; Harvey, Charles F.; Terrer, Cesar
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Nature Conservancy
摘要：Identifying linkages between biodiversity loss and climate change is required for understanding the scope of these interconnected challenges and developing approaches to address them. One crucial yet underexplored aspect is the influence of seed-dispersing animals on forest carbon storage. Here, we show that 81% of tropical trees rely on animals for seed dispersal and that disruption of this process, due to declines in animal diversity and movement, significantly hampers the carbon accumulatio...
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作者：Tian, Miaomiao; Hao, Fengqi; Wang, Xinyu; Zheng, Xu; Wang, Huiyue; Li, Jing; Li, Zilin; Xia, Mingjie; Li, Changfeng; Zhao, Zhexuan; Han, Jinling; Li, Dan; Nakabeppu, Yusaku; Boldogh, Istvan; Wei, Min; Ba, Xueqing
作者单位：Northeast Normal University - China; Northeast Normal University - China; Northeast Normal University - China; Jilin University; Jilin University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Kyushu University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston
摘要：8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG), the most frequent form of oxidative-DNA-base lesion caused by ROS, is recognized and repaired by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) through base excision repair (BER) pathway. Beyond its role in DNA repair, OGG1 has been shown to promote transcriptional activation of proinflammatory mediators and contribute to both acute and chronic lung inflammation. However, pioneering studies have shown an anti-inflammation role for OGG1 in inflammatory bowel disease (I...
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作者：Coskun, Reyan; Chang, ZeNan L.; Rodriguez, Athziri Marcial; Liu, Haoxin; Cheng, Jiye; Alippe, Yael; Diamond, Michael S.; Gordon, Jeffrey I.
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Environmental causes of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) remain poorly characterized. Here, we compare germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice to assess the effects of the gut microbiota on placental/fetal development at embryonic day (E)11.5 (end of placentation) and E17.5 (near term). Pregnancy-and microbiota-associated changes in gene expression occur along the gut, including those related to angiogenesis, while bacterial composition and fermentation activity remain sta...
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作者：Huang, Yunyun; Zhu, Yue; Zhu, Yueyan; Jiang, Yan; Xie, Yunli
作者单位：Fudan University; Fudan University; Fudan University
摘要：Embryonic neural progenitors give rise to adult neural stem cells (aNSCs), which share transcriptomic similarities with astrocytes while sustaining neurogenesis in the adult brain. How embryonic neural progenitors transit into aNSCs while preventing astrocyte fate to maintain the aNSC pool remains unclear. Here, we found that the Setdb1- mediated metabolic state is essential for the transition from embryonic neural progenitors to aNSCs. Loss of the histone methyltransferase SETDB1 during denta...
