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作者：Yan, Chengsong; Wang, Xiao- Fan
作者单位：Duke University
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作者：Arjona, Ana; Chacon, Mario; Garcia-Montoya, Laura
作者单位：Northwestern University; Universidad EAFIT; University of Toronto
摘要：Although a growing literature has investigated the effects of various types of civil war violence on political behavior, no study has examined the impact of assassinations targeting politicians. This is a critical omission, as violence against local politicians is prevalent across civil war contexts and may be the most consequential form of violence for political participation by affecting both candidate supply and voter demand. Using an original dataset of nearly 2,000 killings of Colombian l...
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作者：Baltanas, Fernando C.; Kramer-Drauberg, Maximilian; Garcia-Navas, Rosula; Patrucco, Enrico; Petrini, Ettore; Arnhof, Heribert; Olarte-SanJuan, Andrea; Rodriguez-Ramos, Pablo; Borrajo, Javier; Calzada, Nuria; Castellano, Esther; Mair, Barbara; Kostyrko, Kaja; Hofmann, Marco H.; Ambrogio, Chiara; Santos, Eugenio
作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Virgen del Rocio University Hospital; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); University of Sevilla; CSIC-JA-USE - Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS); University of Sevilla; University of Turin; Boehringer Ingelheim; University of Salamanca; University of Salamanca; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC-USAL - Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular del Cancer de Salamanca (IBMCC)
摘要：We evaluated the in vivo therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of BI-3406-mediated pharmacological inhibition of SOS1 in comparison to genetic ablation of this universal Ras-GEF in various KRAS-dependent experimental tumor settings. Contrary to the rapid lethality caused by SOS1 genetic ablation in SOS2KO mice, SOS1 pharmacological inhibition by its specific inhibitor BI-3406 did not significantly affect animal weight/viability nor cause noteworthy systemic toxicity. Allograft assays using dif...
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作者：Calvier, Laurent; Wasser, Catherine R.; Solow, E. Blair; Wu, Sharon; Evers, Bret M.; Karp, David S.; Kounnas, Maria Z.; Herz, Joachim
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
摘要：Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation, pannus formation, and progressive joint destruction. The inflammatory milieu in RA drives endothelial cell activation and upregulation of adhesion molecules, thus facilitating leukocyte infiltration into the synovium. Reelin, a circulating glycoprotein previously implicated in endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment in diseases such as atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis, has emerged a...
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作者：Chiossi, Heloisa S. C.; Nardin, Michele; Tkacik, Gasper; Csicsvari, Jozsef
作者单位：Institute of Science & Technology - Austria; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
摘要：A key feature of biological and artificial neural networks is the progressive refinement of their neural representations with experience. In neuroscience, this fact has inspired several recent studies in sensory and motor systems. However, less is known about how higher associational cortical areas, such as the hippocampus, modify representations throughout the learning of complex tasks. Here, we focus on associative learning, a process that requires forming a connection between the representa...
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作者：Guo, Li; Salt, Thomas E.; Luong, Vy; Wood, Nicholas; Cheung, William; Maass, Annelie; Ferrari, Giulio; Russo-Marie, Francoise; Sillito, Adam M.; Cheetham, Michael E.; Moss, Stephen E.; Fitzke, Frederick W.; Cordeiro, M. Francesca
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作者：Moreno-Spiegelberg, Pablo; Rietkerk, Max; Gomila, Damia
作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Universitat de les Illes Balears; CSIC-UIB - Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos (IFISC); Utrecht University
摘要：We study how self-organization in systems showing complex spatiotemporal dynamics can increase ecosystem resilience. We consider a general simple model that includes positive feedback as well as negative feedback mediated by an inhibitor. We apply this model to Posidonia oceanica meadows, where positive and negative feedbacks are well documented, and there is empirical evidence of the role of sulfide accumulation, toxic for the plant, in driving complex spatiotemporal dynamics. We describe a p...
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作者：Ritsch, Irina; Dyson, H. Jane; Wright, Peter E.
作者单位：Scripps Research Institute; Scripps Research Institute
摘要：The transthyretin (TTR) tetramer, assembled as a dimer of dimers, transports thyroxine and retinol binding protein in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Aggregation of wild type (WT) or pathogenic variant TTR leads to transthyretin amyloidosis, which is associated with neurodegenerative and cardiac disease. The trigger for TTR aggregation under physiological conditions is unknown. The tetramer is extremely stable at neutral pH, but aggregation via tetramer dissociation and monomer misfoldin...
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作者：Carmona-Garcia, Javier; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso; Mahajan, Anoop S.; Wang, Feiyue; Borrego-Sanchez, Ana; Acuna, A. Ulises; Cuevas, Carlos A.; Davalos, Juan Z.; Feinberg, Aryeh; Spolaor, Andrea; Ruiz-Lopez, Manuel F.; Francisco, Joseph S.; Roca-Sanjuan, Daniel
作者单位：University of Valencia; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Instituto de Quimica Fisica Blas Cabrera (IQF-CSIC); University of Bristol; Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) - India; Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM); Centre for Climate Change Research - India; University of Manitoba; University of Manitoba; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR); Universita Ca Foscari Venezia; Universite de Lorraine; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：In the polar regions, which are vulnerable receptors of mercury pollution, atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) efficiently convert elemental mercury (Hg(0)) into oxidized mercury (Hg(II)) via bromine oxidation. Hg(II) subsequently deposits onto snow and sea ice. While field observations have shown that a large percentage of deposited mercury is re-emitted from the ice to the atmosphere by a photoinduced process, the fundamental photochemistry that drives the re-emission process remain...
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作者：Iyer, Sahithya Sridharan; Wu, Jiangbo; Pollard, Thomas D.; Voth, Gregory A.
作者单位：Yale University; Yale University; Yale University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Arp (actin-related protein) 2/3 complex nucleates actin filament branches on the sides of preexisting actin filaments during cell and organelle movements. We used computer simulations of mammalian Arp2/3 complex to address fundamental questions about the mechanism. Metadynamics and umbrella free energy sampling simulations of the pathway revealed that a clash between the D-loop of Arp2 and Arp3 produces an energy barrier of 20 +/- 6 kcal/mol between the inactive splayed and active short-pitch ...
