Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Lost opportunities: How gendered arrangements harm men AI翻译
  作者：Bareket, Orly; Fiske, Susan T.
  作者单位：Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Princeton University; Princeton University
  摘要：Traditional gendered arrangements-norms, roles, prejudi ces, and hierarchies-shape every human life. Associated harms are primarily framed as women's issues due to more severe consequences women face. Yet, gendered arrangements also shape men's relationships, career paths, and health. Current work on gender equity overlooks men's perspectives. Despite benefits they gain from out- ranking women, men's position paradoxically entraps them in restrictive roles, compelling them to prioritize domina...
• How should the advancement of large language models affect the practice of science? AI翻译
  作者：Binz, Marcel; Alaniz, Stephan; Roskies, Adina; Aczel, Balazs; Bergstrom, Carl T.; Allen, Colin; Schad, Daniel; Wulff, Dirk; West, Jevin D.; Zhang, Qiong; Shiffrin, Richard M.; Gershman, Samuel J.; Popov, Vencislav; Bender, Emily M.; Marelli, Marco; Botvinick, Matthew M.; Akata, Zeynep; Schulz, Eric
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; Technical University of Munich; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Eotvos Lorand University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; Max Planck Society; University of Basel; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Harvard University; University of Zurich; University of Milano-Bicocca; Alphabet Inc.; Google Incorporated; DeepMind; University of London; University College London
  摘要：Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly incorporated into scientific workflows. However, we have yet to fully grasp the implications of this integration. How should the advancement of large language models affect the practice of science? For this opinion piece, we have invited four diverse groups of scientists to reflect on this query, sharing their perspectives and engaging with LLMs is not fundamentally different from working with human collaborators, while Bender et al. argue th...
• Impaired spatial coding of the hippocampus in a dentate gyrus hypoplasia mouse model AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Xiaojing; Cheng, Ning; Wang, Cheng; Knierim, James J.
  作者单位：Southern University of Science & Technology; Johns Hopkins University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins University
  摘要：The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is thought to orthogonalize inputs from the entorhinal cortex (pattern separation) and relay this information to the CA3 region. In turn, attractor dynamics in CA3 perform a pattern completion or error correction operation before sending its output to CA1. In a mouse model of congenital hypo-plasia of the DG, a deficiency in the Wntless (Wls) gene, specifically in cells expressing Gfap- Cre, which targets neuronal progenitors, led to an almost total absence o...
• Uterine organoids reveal insights into epithelial specification and plasticity in development and disease AI翻译
  作者：Rizo, Jason A.; Ahmad, Yakil; Pru, Jacob M.; Winuthayanon, Sarayut; Challa, Sridevi; Kim, Tae Hoon; Jeong, Jae- Wook; Spencer, Thomas E.; Kelleher, Andrew M.
  作者单位：University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Chicago; University of Chicago
  摘要：Understanding how epithelial cells in the female reproductive tract (FRT) differentiate is crucial for reproductive health, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. At birth, FRT epithelium is highly malleable, allowing differentiation into various epithelial types, but the regulatory pathways guiding these early cell fate decisions are unclear. Here, we use neonatal mouse endometrial organoids and assembloid coculture models to investigate how innate cellular plasticity and extern...
• Activation of the conserved Hippo kinases by inflammasome- triggered proteolytic cleavage controls programmed cell death in macrophages AI翻译
  作者：Su, Yu-Ting; Quagliato, Sydney M.; Louis, Brendyn M. St; Abdelaziz, Mohamed H.; He, Yuan; Bondage, Devanand; Lehman, Stephanie S.; Lee, Pei-Chung
  作者单位：Wayne State University; Wayne State University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
  摘要：The mammalian Hippo kinases, MST1 and MST2, regulate organ development and suppress tumor formation by balancing cell proliferation and death. In macrophages, inflammasomes detect molecular patterns from invading pathogens or damaged host cells and trigger programmed cell death. In addition to lytic pyroptosis, the signa-tures associated with apoptosis are induced by inflammasome activation, but how the inflammasomes coordinate different cell death processes remains unclear. Here, we identify ...
• Automating alloy design and discovery with physics-aware multimodal multiagent AI AI翻译
  作者：Ghafarollahi, Alireza; Buehler, Markus J.
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：The design of new alloys is a multiscale problem that requires a holistic approach that involves retrieving relevant knowledge, applying advanced computational methods, conducting experimental validations, and analyzing the results, a process that is typically slow and reserved for human experts. Machine learning can help accelerate this process, for instance, through the use of deep surrogate models that connect structural and chemical features to material properties, or vice versa. However, ...
• Nav1.8, an analgesic target for nonpsychotomimetic phytocannabinoids AI翻译
  作者：Ghovanloo, Mohammad-Reza; Tyagi, Sidharth; Zhao, Peng; Waxman, Stephen G.
  作者单位：Yale University; Yale University; Yale University
  摘要：Pain impacts billions of people worldwide, but treatment options are limited and a spectrum of adverse effects. The search for safe and nonaddictive pain treatments led to a focus on key mediators of nociceptor excitability. Voltage- gated sodium channels in the peripheral nervous system-Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9-play cial roles in pain signaling. Among these, Nav1.8 has shown promise due to its recovery from inactivation and role in repetitive firing, with recent clinical studies viding proo...
• Abrupt transformation of West Greenland lakes following compound climate extremes associated with atmospheric rivers AI翻译
  作者：Saros, Jasmine E.; Hazukova, Vaclava; Northington, Robert M.; Huston, Grayson P.; Lamb, Avery; Birkel, Sean; Pereira, Ryan; Bourdin, Guillaume; Jiang, Binbin; Mcgowan, Suzanne
  作者单位：University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; Heriot Watt University; University of Maine System; University of Maine Orono; Zhejiang University of Science & Technology; Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW)
  摘要：Arctic ecosystems are affected by accelerated warming as well as the intensification of the hydrologic cycle, yet understanding of the impacts of compound climate extremes (e.g., simultaneous extreme heat and rainfall) remains limited, despite their high potential to alter ecosystems. Here, we show that the aquatic ecosystems in historically arid West Greenland have undergone an ecological transformation after a series of atmospheric rivers that simultaneously produced record heat and rainfall...
• Diffusive topology preserving manifold distances for single-cell data analysis AI翻译
  作者：Wei, Jiangyong; Zhang, Bin; Wang, Qiu; Zhou, Tianshou; Tai, Tianhai; Chen, Luonan
  作者单位：Sun Yat Sen University; Monash University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, CAS
  摘要：Manifold learning techniques have emerged as crucial tools for uncovering latent patterns in high-dimensional single-cell data. However, most existing dimensionality reduction methods primarily rely on 2D visualization, which can distort true data relationships and fail to extract reliable biological information. Here, we present DTNE (diffusive topology neighbor embedding), a dimensionality reduction framework that faithfully approximates manifold distance to enhance cellular relationships an...
• A divergent two- domain structure of the anti- Müllerian hormone prodomain AI翻译
  作者：Howard, James A.; Hok, Lucija; Cate, Richard L.; Sanford, Nathaniel J.; Hart, Kaitlin N.; Leach, Edmund A. E.; Bruening, Alena S.; Nagykery, Nicholas; Donahoe, Patricia K.; Thompson, Thomas B.
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; Boston University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital
  摘要：TGFf3 family ligands are synthesized as precursors consisting of an N- terminal prodomain and C- terminal growth factor (GF) signaling domain. After proteolytic processing, the prodomain typically remains noncovalently associated with the GF, sometimes forming a high- affinity latent procomplex that requires activation. For the TGFf3 family ligand anti- M & uuml;llerian hormone (AMH), the prodomain maintains a high- affinity interaction with its GF that does not render it latent. While the pro...