Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

最新文章

• Active vision in freely moving marmosets using head- mounted eye tracking AI翻译
  作者：Singh, Vikram Pal; Li, Jingwen; Dawson, Kana; Mitchell, Jude F.; Miller, Cory T.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Rochester; University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：Our understanding of how vision functions as primates actively navigate the real- world is remarkably sparse. As most data have been limited to chaired and typically head- restrained animals, the synergistic interactions of different motor actions/plans inherent to active sensing-e.g., eyes, head, posture, movement, etc.-on visual perception are largely unknown. To address this considerable gap in knowledge, we developed an innovative wireless head- mounted eye- tracking system that performs C...
• G- quadruplexes catalyze protein folding by reshaping the energetic landscape AI翻译
  作者：Huang, Zijue; Ghosh, Kingshuk; Stull, Frederick; Horowitz, Scott
  作者单位：University of Denver; University of Denver; University of Denver; Western Michigan University
  摘要：Many proteins have slow folding times in vitro that are physiologically untenable. To combat this challenge, ATP- dependent chaperonins are thought to possess the unique ability to catalyze protein folding. Performing quantitative model selection using protein folding and unfolding data, we here show that short nucleic acids containing G- quadruplex (G4) structure can also catalyze protein folding. Performing the experiments as a function of temperature demonstrates that the G4 reshapes the un...
• Behavioral nudges prevent loan delinquencies at scale: A 13-million- person field experiment AI翻译
  作者：Kuan, Robert; Blagg, Kristin; Castleman, Benjamin L.; Darolia, Rajeev; Matsudaira, Jordan D.; Milkman, Katherine L.; Turner, Lesley J.
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Urban Institute; University of Virginia; US Department of Education; University of Kentucky; American University; University of Chicago
  摘要：Americans collectively hold over $1.6 trillion in student loan debt, and over the last decade millions of borrowers have defaulted on loans, with serious consequences for their financial health. In a 13- million- person field experiment with the U.S. Department of Education, we tested the effectiveness of different email interventions to inform borrowers about alternative repayment options after a missed loan payment. Our interventions tested whether sending monthly behaviorally- informed emai...
• Resolving electrochemically triggered topological defect dynamics and structural degradation in layered oxides AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Chunyang; Zhang, Rui; Li, Ju; Xin, Huolin L.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Metal Research, CAS; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：Understanding topological defects- controlled structural degradation of layered oxides-a key cathode material for high- performance lithium- ion batteries-plays a critical role in developing next- generation cathode materials. Here, by constructing a nanobattery in an electron microscope enabling atomic- scale monitoring of electrochemcial reactions, we captured the electrochemically driven atomistic dynamics and evolution of dislocations-a most important topological defect in material. We dec...
• Joseph G. Gall (1928-2024): A naturalist and scholar for the genomic era AI翻译
  作者：Spradling, Allan C.; Dwyer, Diane M.
  作者单位：Carnegie Institution for Science
• Epistatic hotspots organize antibody fitness landscape and boost evolvability AI翻译
  作者：Schulz, Steven; Tan, Timothy J. C.; Wu, Nicholas C.; Wang, Shenshen
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  摘要：The course of evolution is strongly shaped by interaction between mutations. Such epistasis can yield rugged sequence-function maps and constrain the availability of adaptive paths. While theoretical intuition is often built on global statistics of large, homogeneous model landscapes, mutagenesis measurements necessarily probe a limited neighborhood of a reference genotype. It is unclear to what extent local topography of a real epistatic landscape represents its global shape. Here, we demonst...
• Synapse- specific catecholaminergic modulation of neuronal glutamate release AI翻译
  作者：Bakshinska, Dariya; Liu, William YuChen; Schultz, Ryan; Stowers, R. Steven; Hoagland, Adam; Cypranowska, Caroline; Stanley, Cherise; Younger, Susan H.; Newman, Zachary L.; Isacoff, Ehud Y.
  作者单位：Francis Crick Institute; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  摘要：Norepinephrine in vertebrates and its invertebrate analog, octopamine, regulate the activity of neural circuits. We find that, when hungry, Drosophila larvae switch activcoincide with locomotion- driving bursts in type I glutamatergic MNs that converge on the same muscles. Optical quantal analysis across hundreds of synapses simultaneously reveals that octopamine potentiates glutamate release by tonic type Ib MNs, but not phasic type Is MNs, and occurs via the Gq- coupled octopamine receptor (...
• RAP-2 and CNH-MAP4 Kinase MIG-15 confer resistance in bystander epithelium to cell- fate transformation by excess Ras or Notch activity AI翻译
  作者：Fakieh, Razan A.; Reiner, David J.
  作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Texas A&M Health Science Center
  摘要：Induction of cell fates by growth factors impacts many facets of developmental biology and disease. LIN-3/EGF induces the equipotent vulval precursor cells (VPCs) in Caenorhabditis elegans to assume the 3 & ring;-3 & ring;-2 & ring;-1 & ring;-2 & ring;-3 & ring; pattern of cell fates. 1 & ring; and 2 & ring; cells become specialized epithelia and undergo stereotyped series of cell divisions to form the vulva. Conversely, 3 & ring; cells are relatively quiescent and nonspecialized; they divide ...
• Inhibition of oxidative metabolism leads to p53 genetic inactivation and transformation in neural stem cells ( vol 112 , pg 105 , 2015) AI翻译
  作者：Henriquez, Nick, V; Betts, Joanne; Saxena, Jayeta; Minieri, Valentina; Karlsson, Anna; Martins, L. Miguel; Capasso, Melania; Nicotera, Pierluigi; Brandner, Sebastian; De Laurenzi, Vincenzo; Salomoni, Paolo; Bartesaghi, Stefano; Graziano, Vincenzo; Galavotti, Sara; Deli, A.
• Structural basis of nearest- neighbor cooperativity in the ring- shaped gene regulatory protein TRAP from protein engineering and cryo- EM AI翻译
  作者：Li, Weicheng; Yang, Haoyun; Stachowski, Kye; Norris, Andrew S.; Lichtenthal, Katie; Kelly, Skyler; Gollnick, Paul; Wysocki, Vicki H.; Foster, Mark P.
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
  摘要：The homo- dodecameric ring- shaped trp RNA binding attenuation protein (TRAP) from Alkalihalobacillus halodurans (Aha) binds up to twelve tryptophan ligands (Trp) and becomes activated to bind a specific sequence in the 5' leader region of the trp operon mRNA, thereby downregulating biosynthesis of Trp. Thermodynamic measurements of Trp binding have revealed a range of cooperative behavior for different TRAP variants, even if the averaged apparent affinities for Trp have been found to be simil...