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作者：Goebel, Erich J.; Aykul, Senem; Hom, Warren W.; Saotome, Kei; Economides, Aris N.; Franklin, Matthew C.; Idone, Vincent J.
作者单位：Regeneron; Regeneron
摘要：Ligands in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family [activins, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), and TGF-beta s] signal by bringing together two type I and two type II receptors. Activin receptor-like kinase-2 (ALK2) is the only type I receptor among the seven TGF-beta type I receptors that interacts with both activin and BMP ligands. With BMPs, ALK2 acts as a signaling receptor to activate small mothers against decapentaplegic 1 (SMAD1)/5/8 signaling. Alternatively, with activi...
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作者：Jung, Ji - Ung; Stippec, Steve; Cobb, Melanie H.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
摘要：With No lysine (K) 1 (WNK1) is essential for ion and volume homeostasis, sensing osmotic stress and activating pathways that regulate ion transport. Its response to osmotic stress shares similarities with the function of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1. In this study, we show that Yoda1, a Piezo1 agonist, activates WNK1 downstream kinase targets oxidative stress-responsive 1 (OSR1) and STE20/SPS1-related serine, proline-, and alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) in endothelial cells within minut...
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作者：Sebaaly, Angelo P.; van Rijn, Frank; Hanna, Khalil; Boily, Jean - Francois
作者单位：Umea University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR); Universite de Rennes
摘要：Ice often mediates unexpected reactions in the Cryosphere, acting as a fascinating geochemical reactor. Mineral-organic interactions in frozen environments, such as soils and permafrost, are crucial for explaining the flux of soluble iron during melting events, yet the mechanisms remain misunderstood. This study elucidates the unique roles of freezing in the dissolution of iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles (alpha-FeOOH) by oxalate, a low molecular weight dicarboxylate, under acidic conditions. F...
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作者：Biazzi, Renata B.; Takahashi, Daniel Y.; Ghazanfar, Asif A.
作者单位：Princeton University; Princeton University
摘要：Vocal development in human infants is strongly influenced by interactions with caregivers who reinforce more speech-like sounds. This trajectory of vocal development in humans is radically different from those of our close phylogenetic relatives, cercopithecoid monkeys and apes. In these primates, social feedback seems to play no significant role in their vocal development. Oddly,marmoset monkeys, a more distantly related primate species, do exhibit socially guided vocal learning. How can this...
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作者：Brookes, Samuel G. H.; Kapil, Venkat; Michaelides, Angelos; Schran, Christoph
作者单位：University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of Cambridge; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London
摘要：An understanding of the CO2 + H2O hydration reaction is crucial for modeling the effects of ocean acidification, for enabling novel carbon storage solutions, and as a model process in the geosciences. While the mechanism of this reaction has been investigated extensively in the condensed phase, its mechanism at the air-water interface remains elusive, leaving uncertain the contribution that surface-adsorbed CO2 makes to the overall acidification reaction. In this study, we employ machine-learn...
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作者：Inbar, Maya; Grossman, Eitan; Landau, Ayelet N.
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; University of London; University College London
摘要：Intonation units (IUs) are a hypothesized universal building block of human speech [W. Chafe, Discourse, Consciousness and Time: The Flow and Displacement of Conscious Experience in Speaking and Writing (1994); N. P. Himmelmann et al., Phonology 35, 207-245 (2018)). Linguistic research suggests they are found across languages and that they fulfill important communicative functions such as the pacing of ideas in discourse and swift turn-taking. We study the rate of IUs in 48 languages from ever...
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作者：Radhakrishnan, Adityanarayanan; Jain, Yajit; Uhler, Caroline; Lander, Eric S.
作者单位：Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Harvard Medical School
摘要：Fish population biomass fluctuates through time in ways that may be either gradual or abrupt. While abrupt shifts in fish population productivity have been shown to be common, they are rarely integrated into stock assessment or fishery management, in part because of the difficulty of predicting when abrupt shifts may occur and which stocks are prone to such shifts. In this study, we address the latter challenge by designing a mechanism-agnostic context-specific approach that is based on exploi...
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作者：Wittkuhn, Lennart; Krippner, Lena M.; Koch, Christoph; Schuck, Nicolas W.
作者单位：University of Hamburg; Max Planck Society; University of Potsdam
摘要：Humans can implicitly learn about multistep sequential relationships between events in the environment from their statistical co-occurrence. Theoretical work has suggested that neural replay is a candidate mechanism that aids such learning. Here, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to test whether replay is related to implicit learning of higher-order sequential relationships. Human participants viewed sequences of images that followed probabilistic transitions determined by ring-like graph structur...
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作者：Bellucci, Michael A.; Amiri, Mehdi; Berryman, Stephen; Moshari, Andia; Owino, Collins Oduor; Luteijn, Rutger D.; Tuthill, Tobias J.; Svitkin, Yuri; Belsham, Graham J.; van Kuppeveld, Frank J. M.; Sonenberg, Nahum
作者单位：McGill University; McGill University; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); Pirbright Institute; Utrecht University; University of Copenhagen
摘要：Viruses have evolved elaborate mechanisms to hijack the host mRNA translation machinery to direct viral protein synthesis. Picornaviruses, whose RNA genome lacks a cap structure, inhibit cap-dependent mRNA translation, and utilize an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the RNA 5 ' untranslated region to recruit the 40S ribosomal subunit. IRES activity is stimulated by a set of host proteins termed IRES trans-acting factors (ITAFs). The cellular protein ITAF45 (also known as PA2G4 or EBP1) w...
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作者：Lin, Xiaohe; Cottrell, Christopher A.; Kalyuzhniy, Oleksandr; Tingle, Ryan; Kubitz, Michael; Lu, Danny; Yuan, Meng; Schief, William R.; Wilson, Ian A.
作者单位：Scripps Research Institute; Scripps Research Institute; Scripps Research Institute; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative; Scripps Research Institute
摘要：The development of germline-targeting vaccines represents a potentially transformative strategy to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV and other antigenically diverse pathogens. Here, we report on structural characterization of vaccine-elicited VRC01-class bnAb precursors in the IAVI G001 Phase 1 clinical trial with the eOD-GT8 60mer nanoparticle as immunogen. High-resolution X-ray structures of eOD-GT8 monomer complexed with Fabs of five VRC01-class bnAb precursors with...
