Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Audits of the 2020 American election show an accurate vote count AI翻译
  作者：Baltz, Samuel; Gonzalez, Fernanda; Guo, Kevin; Jaffe, Jacob; Stewart III, Charles
  作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Wellesley College; Stanford University
  摘要：After many elections, the accuracy of the vote count is assessed by retabulating a small percentage of ballots. These audits form one of the richest bodies of evidence regarding electoral legitimacy, which is particularly important in democracies where the accuracy of elections has been prominently questioned. In decentralized democracies such as the United States, however, there is tremendous variation in the conduct and reporting of audits, which are never compiled into one place to facilita...
• Strategic campaign attention to abortion before and after Dobbs AI翻译
  作者：Meisels, Mellissa
  作者单位：Yale University
  摘要：In 2022, the US Supreme Court overturned the constitutional protection of abortion rights established in Roe v. Wade. In doing so, Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization moved status quo on abortion policy more into line with the Republican Party's stance. Subsequent research has documented the decision's impact on mass political behavior and opinion, yet less is known about its impact on the behavior of political elites. I provide evidence on congressional candidates' strategic response...
• Decoding collagen's thermally induced unfolding and refolding pathways AI翻译
  作者：Al-Shaer, Alaa; Forde, Nancy R.
  作者单位：Simon Fraser University; Simon Fraser University
  摘要：Collagen has been evolutionarily selected as the preferred building block of extracellular structures. Despite inherent thermodynamic instability of individual proteins at body temperature, collagen manages to assemble into higher-order structures that provide mechanical support to tissues. Sequence features that enhance collagen stability have been deduced primarily from studies of collagen-mimetic peptides, as collagen's large size has precluded high-resolution studies of its structure. Thus...
• Transition ability to safe states reduces fear responses to height AI翻译
  作者：Fujino, Misako; Haruno, Masahiko
  作者单位：National Institute of Information & Communications Technology (NICT) - Japan; University of Osaka
  摘要：Previous studies on fear extinction have primarily focused on repeated exposure to fear-inducing context without negative consequences. However, it is also possible that an individual can reduce fear responses by predicting that they can transition to a safe environment through their own actions, even if a fear-inducing context appears. Here, by conducting two virtual reality (VR) experiments (Exp 1 and Exp 2) involving height and flight scenarios, we examined whether participants' fear respon...
• Directional water navigation and reallocation in Tillandsia capitata AI翻译
  作者：Lian, Jiaoyuan; Li, Wei; Yang, Ling; Li, Hegeng; Deng, Qiyu; Zhu, Hengjia; Zhang, Yiyuan; Fang, Nicholas X.; Wang, Liqiu
  作者单位：University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Polytechnic University
  摘要：Liquid manipulation is ubiquitous in nature and engineering, enabling controllable and efficient liquid delivery. Conventional understanding of liquid manipulation relies on inhomogeneous chemical modifications or single-scale structure design. Here, we present how water is directionally navigated and spontaneously reallocated at high efficiency via the cross-scale topology on Tillandsia capitata leaves. These leaves feature transversely curved lanceolate macrostructures decorated by a layer o...
• Acute chromatin decompaction stiffens the nucleus as revealed by nanopillar- induced nuclear deformation in cells AI翻译
  作者：Mitra, Aninda; Cutiongco, Marie F. A.; Burla, Romina; Zeng, Yongpeng; Na, Qin; Kong, Mengya; Vinod, Benjamin; Nai, Mui Hoon; Hubner, Barbara; Ludwig, Alexander; Lim, Chwee Teck; Shivashankar, G. V.; Saggio, Isabella; Zhao, Wenting
  作者单位：Nanyang Technological University; Sapienza University Rome; National University of Singapore; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Technological University; National University of Singapore; National University of Singapore; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Paul Scherrer Institute; Nanyang Technological University
  摘要：Chromatin architecture is critical in determining nuclear mechanics. Most studies focus on the mechanical rigidity conferred by chromatin condensation from densely packed heterochromatin, but less is known on how transient chromatin decompaction impinge on nucleus stiffness. Here, we used an array of vertically aligned nanopillars to study nuclear deformability in situ after chromatin decompaction in cells. The nucleus significantly stiffened within 4 h of chromatin decompaction but softened a...
• Using pledges to improve the effectiveness of environmental information campaigns: The case of biowaste recycling AI翻译
  作者：Alonso-Pauli, Eduard; Balart, Pau; Ezquerra, Lara; Hernandez-Arenaz, Inigo
  作者单位：Universitat de les Illes Balears; Universidad Publica de Navarra; Universidad Publica de Navarra
  摘要：Through a field study (N = 1,519) that uses a technology to record real-time data on waste sorting, we find that offering the opportunity to sign a pledge increases the effectiveness of an environmental campaign. With a timespan of over four years, the pledge increased waste sorting participation by 4.55 to 5.10 percentage points (SD = 0.1997). The effect is greater immediately after the campaign (around 9 to 10 pp during the first 15 wk), but it remains sizable and statistically significant 1...
• Stereoselective construction of coconformational mechanically helical and topologically chiral [2]catenanes induced by point chirality AI翻译
  作者：Tang, Haitong; Zou, Yan; Zhang, Hai-Ning; Jin, Guo-Xin
  作者单位：Fudan University; Nanjing University
  摘要：Supported by chiral stationary phase high- performance liquid chromatography HPLC (CSP- HPLC), examples of chiral mechanically interlocked organic molecules, including knots, rotaxanes, and catenanes, have been reported. However, the exploration of stereoselective construction of chiral cationic complexes, particularly those induced by point chirality, has been notably limited due to the constraints posed by the type of chiral chromatographic columns and separation efficiency. To address this,...
• Computational analysis of 100 K choice dilemmas: Decision attributes, trade- off structures, and model- based prediction AI翻译
  作者：Bhatia, Sudeep; van Baal, Simon T.; Wang, Feiyi; Walasek, Lukasz
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Leeds; University of Warwick
  摘要：We present a dataset of over 100 K textual descriptions of real- life choice dilemmas, obtained from social media posts and large- scale survey data. Using large language models (LLMs), we extract hundreds of choice attributes at play in these dilemmas and map them onto a common representational space. This representation allows us to quantify the broader themes and specific trade- offs inherent in life choices and analyze how they vary across different contexts. We also present our dilemmas t...
• Host use drives convergent evolution in clownfish AI翻译
  作者：Gaboriau, Theo; Marcionetti, Anna; Garcia-Jimenez, Alberto; Schmid, Sarah; Fitzgerald, Lucy M.; Micheli, Baptiste; Titus, Benjamin; Salamin, Nicolas
  作者单位：University of Lausanne; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
  摘要：Clownfishes (Amphiprioninae) are a fascinating example of a marine radiation. From a central Pacific ancestor, they quickly colonized the coral reefs of the Indo-Pacific and diversified independently on each side of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Their association with sea anemones has been proposed to be a key innovation that enabled the clownfish radiation. However, this intuition has little empirical or theoretical support given our current knowledge of the group. To date, no ecological v...