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作者：Gao, Forson; Ye, Fuzhou; Buck, Martin; Zhang, Xiaodong
作者单位：Imperial College London; Imperial College London; Francis Crick Institute; MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology; University of London; Institute of Cancer Research - UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust
摘要：Bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) is a multisubunit enzyme that copies DNA into RNA in a process known as transcription. Bacteria use 6 factors to recruit RNAP to promoter regions of genes that need to be transcribed, with 60% bacteria containing at least one specialized 6 factor, 654. 654 recruits RNAP to promoters of genes associated with stress responses and forms a stable closed complex that does not spontaneously isomerize to the open state where promoter DNA is melted out and competent for...
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作者：Shi, Yuping; Roy, Partha P.; Higashitarumizu, Naoki; Lee, Tsung -Yen; Li, Quanwei; Javey, Ali; Landfester, Katharina; Mcculloch, Iain; Fleming, Graham R.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Max Planck Society; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Japan Science & Technology Agency (JST); University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Oxford; Princeton University; Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Gandhinagar
摘要：A combination of ultrafast, long-range, and low-loss excitation energy transfer from the photoreceptor location to a functionally active site is essential for cost-effective polymeric semiconductors. Delocalized electronic wavefunctions along pi-conjugated polymer (CP) backbone can enable efficient intrachain transport, while interchain transport is gen erally thought slow and lossy due to weak chain-chain interactions. In contrast to the conventional strategy of mitigating structural disorder...
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作者：Bongoni, Anjan K.; Kiss, Bence; McRae, Jennifer L.; Salvaris, Evelyn J.; Fisicaro, Nella; Muntz, Fenella; Nemeth, Balint Zoltan; Nagy, Zoltan Attila; Kocsis, Andrea; Gal, Peter; Cowan, Peter J.; Pal, Gabor
作者单位：St Vincent's Health; St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne; Eotvos Lorand University; St Vincent's Health; St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne; HUN-REN; HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences; University of Melbourne
摘要：Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common complication in several clinical scenarios including kidney transplantation. Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteinase (MASP)-2 is essential for activation of the complement lectin pathway, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal IRI and therefore represents a potential therapeutic target. We developed a new, affinity-enhanced MASP-2 inhibitor, EVO24, by directed evolution of the D2 domain of human tissue factor pathwa...
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作者：Ducarme, Paul; Weber, Bart; van Hecke, Martin; Overvelde, Johannes T. B.
作者单位：AMOLF; AMOLF; University of Amsterdam; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Eindhoven University of Technology
摘要：Mechanical snapping instabilities are leveraged by natural systems, metamaterials, and devices for rapid sensing, actuation, and shape changes, as well as to absorb impact. In all current forms of snapping, shapes deform in the same direction as the exerted forces, even though there is no physical law that dictates this. Here, we realize countersnapping mechanical structures that respond in the opposite way. In contrast to regular snapping, countersnapping manifests itself in a sudden shorteni...
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作者：Kohler, Timothy A.; Bogaard, Amy; Ortman, Scott G.
作者单位：Washington State University; The Santa Fe Institute; University of Oxford; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
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作者：Lee, Wang - Pao; Chiang, Meng- Hsuan; Chao, Yi- Ping; Wang, Ying- Fong; Chen, Yan- Lin; Lin, Yu - Chun; Jenq, Shan- Yun; Lu, Jun - Wei; Fu, Tsai- Feng; Liang, Jia- Yu; Yang, Kai- Cing; Chang, Li- Yun; Wu, Tony; Wu, Chia - Lin
作者单位：Chang Gung University; Chang Gung University; Chang Gung University; National Tsing Hua University; Chang Gung University; National Chi Nan University; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
摘要：Forming and forgetting memories shape our self- awareness and help us face future challenges. Therefore, understanding how memories are formed and how different memories interact in the brain is important. Previous studies have shown that thirsty flies sense humidity through ionotropic receptors, which help them locate water sources. Here, we showed that thirsty flies can be trained to associate specific odors with humidity to form a humidity memory that lasts for 30 min after association. Hum...
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作者：Schnupp, Jan W. H.; Buchholz, Sarah; Buck, Alexa N.; Budig, Henrike; Khurana, Lakshay; Rosskothen-Kuhl, Nicole
作者单位：City University of Hong Kong; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Chinese University of Hong Kong; University of Freiburg; University of Freiburg; University of Freiburg
摘要：Although cochlear implants (CIs) provide valuable auditory information to more than one million profoundly deaf patients, these devices remain inadequate in conveying fine timing cues. Early deaf patients in particular struggle to use interaural time differences (ITDs) for spatial hearing and auditory scene analysis. Why CI patients experience these limitations remains controversial. One possible explanation, which we investigate here, is that the stimulation by clinical CIs is inappropriate, ...
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作者：Yardeni, Tal; Olali, Arnold Z.; Chen, Hsiao-Wen; Wang, Liqing; Halton, Jeffrey A.; Zenab, Angi; Morrow, Ryan; Butic, Arrienne; Murdock, Deborah G.; Waymire, Katrina G.; MacGregor, Grant R.; Boursi, Ben; Beier, Ulf H.; Hancock, Wayne W.; Wallace, Douglas C.
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作者：Das, Suman G.; Mungan, Muhittin; Krug, Joachim
作者单位：University of Cologne; University of Bern; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
摘要：The evolutionary adaptation of an organism to a stressful environment often comes at the cost of reduced fitness. For example, resistance to antimicrobial drugs frequently reduces growth rate in the drug-free environment. This cost can be compensated without loss in resistance by mutations at secondary sites when the organism evolves again in the stress-free environment. Here, we analytically and numerically study evolution on a simple model fitness landscape to show that compensatory evolutio...
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作者：Epstein-Barash, Hila; Shichor, Iris; Kwon, Albert H.; Hall, Sherwood; Lawlor, Michael W.; Langer, Robert; Kohane, Daniel S.
