Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• In- plane ferroelectricity with high Curie temperatures in nonequilibrium SnSe1-xSx van der Waals semiconductors AI翻译
  作者：Sutter, Eli; Sutter, Peter
  作者单位：University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln
  摘要：While symmetry breaking in 2D ferroelectrics is obviously linked to the single- layer structure, layered (van der Waals) ferroelectrics can have a multitude of underlying mechanisms, making their identification nontrivial and often controversial. This complexity is exemplified by tin chalcogenides whose equilibrium structure, the orthorhombic ox- phase with space group Pnma, includes an inversion center and which therefore should not be ferroelectric. Yet, recent work demonstrated polarization...
• Histone variant H2A.W7 represses meiotic crossover formation in Arabidopsis heterochromatin AI翻译
  作者：Kuo, Pallas; Tock, Andrew J.; Liu, Xuexia; Topp, Stephanie D.; Zhong, Zhenhui; Henderson, Ian R.; Lambing, Christophe
  作者单位：UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); Rothamsted Research; University of Cambridge; Sichuan University
  摘要：In eukaryotic genomes, DNA is packaged into nucleosomes to form chromatin. The incorporation of canonical or variant histones into nucleosomes confers different properties and influences chromatin structure to regulate cellular processes, including recombination. During meiosis, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed and repaired as interhomolog crossovers. Nucleosome occupancy is generally associated with low crossover frequency, but it remains unclear which histone variants are involved ...
• Nucleoporins cooperate with Polycomb silencers to promote transcriptional repression and repair at DNA double-strand breaks AI翻译
  作者：Song, Hongseon; Bae, Yubin; Kim, Sangin; Deascanis, Dante; Lee, Yujin; Rona, Gergely; Lane, Ethan; Lee, Seo - yeoung; Kim, Su - Jung; Pagano, Michele; Myung, Kyungjae; Kee, Younghoon
  作者单位：Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST); Institute for Basic Science - Korea (IBS); State University System of Florida; University of South Florida; New York University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; New York University; HUN-REN; HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences; Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST)
  摘要：DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are harmful lesions and major sources of genomic instability. Studies have suggested that DSBs induce local transcriptional silencing that consequently promotes genomic stability. Several factors have been proposed to actively participate in this process, including Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). Here, we found that disrupting PRC1 clustering disrupts DSB-induced gene silencing. Interactome analysis of PHC2, a PRC1 s...
• Genomic analyses identify 15 risk loci and reveal HDAC2, SOX2-OT, and IGF2BP2 in a naturally occurring canine model of gastric cancer AI翻译
  作者：Cook, Shawna R.; Hugen, Sanne; Hayward, Jessica J.; Famula, Thomas R.; Belanger, Janelle M.; McNiel, Elizabeth; Fieten, Hille; Oberbauer, Anita M.; Leegwater, Peter A. J.; Ostrander, Elaine A.; Mandigers, Paul J. J.; Evans, Jacquelyn M.
  作者单位：Cornell University; Cornell University; Utrecht University; University of California System; University of California Davis; Tufts University; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)
  摘要：Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most common human cancer worldwide and has a poor survival rate and limited treatment options. Despite the high prevalence and mortality rate, the genetic etiology is largely unknown. In dogs, a clinically and histologically similar disease disproportionately affects two breeds, the Belgian Tervuren and Belgian Sheepdog, which develop the intestinal and diffuse tumor subtypes observed in humans. We performed a Bayesian genome-wide association study and selecti...
• Micropipette aspiration reveals differential RNA- dependent viscoelasticity of nucleolar subcompartments AI翻译
  作者：Cheng, Holly H.; Roggeveen, James V.; Wang, Huan; Stone, Howard A.; Shi, Zheng; Brangwynne, Clifford P.
  作者单位：Princeton University; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; Princeton University; Princeton University; Princeton University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  摘要：The nucleolus is a multiphasic biomolecular condensate that facilitates ribosome biogenesis, a complex process involving hundreds of proteins and RNAs. The proper execution of ribosome biogenesis likely depends on the material properties of the nucleolus. However, these material properties remain poorly understood due to the challenges of in vivo measurements. Here, we use micropipette aspiration (MPA) to directly characterize the viscoelasticity and interfacial tensions of nucleoli within tra...
• Allelic variations and gene cluster modularity act as nonlinear bottlenecks for cholera emergence AI翻译
  作者：Lopez-Pereza, Mario; Balasubramanian, Deepak; Lopez, Alicia Campos-; Crist, Cole; Grant, Trudy - Ann; Haro-Moreno, Jose M.; Zaragoza-Solas, Asier; Almagro-Moreno, Salvador
  作者单位：Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche; St Jude Children's Research Hospital
  摘要：The underlying factors that lead to specific strains within a species to emerge as human pathogens remain mostly enigmatic. The diarrheal disease cholera is caused by strains from a phylogenetically confined group within the Vibrio cholerae species, the pandemic cholera group (PCG), making it an ideal model system to tackle this puzzling phenomenon. Comprehensive analyses of over 1,840 V. cholerae genomes, including environmental isolates from this study, reveal that the species consists of el...
• Cross-reactive sarbecovirus antibodies induced by mosaic RBD nanoparticles AI翻译
  作者：Fan, Chengcheng; Keeffe, Jennifer R.; Malecek, Kathryn E.; Cohen, Alexander A.; West Jr, Anthony P.; Baharani, Viren A.; Rorick, Annie, V; Gao, Han; Gnanapragasam, Priyanthi N. P.; Rho, Semi; Alvarez, Jaasiel; Segovia, Luisa N.; Hatziioannou, Theodora; Bieniasz, Paul D.; Bjorkman, Pamela J.
  作者单位：California Institute of Technology; Rockefeller University; Rockefeller University; Rockefeller University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
  摘要：Broad immune responses are needed to mitigate viral evolution and escape. To induce antibodies against conserved receptor-binding domain (RBD) regions of SARS-like betacoronavirus (sarbecovirus) spike proteins that recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and zoonotic sarbecoviruses, we developed mosaic-8b RBD nanoparticles presenting eight sarbecovirus RBDs arranged randomly on a 60-mer nanoparticle. Mosaic-8b immunizations protected animals from challenges from viruses whose RBDs were matche...
• Horizontal transmission of functionally diverse transposons is a major source of new introns AI翻译
  作者：Gozashti, Landen; Nakamoto, Anne; Russell, Shelbi; Corbett-Detig, Russell
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard University; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
  摘要：Since the discovery of spliceosomal introns in eukaryotic genomes, the proximate molecular and evolutionary processes that generate new introns have remained a critical mystery. Specialized transposable elements (TEs), introners, are thought to be one of the major drivers of intron gain in diverse eukaryotes. However, the molecular mechanism(s) and evolutionary processes driving introner propagation within and between lineages remain elusive. Here, we analyze 8,716 genomes, revealing 1,093 int...
• Synthesizing decades of research into one tree for birds AI翻译
  作者：Stiller, Josefin
  作者单位：University of Copenhagen
• The cortical critical power law balances energy and information in an optimal fashion AI翻译
  作者：Tatsukawa, Tsuyoshi; Teramae, Jun-nosuke
  作者单位：Kyoto University
  摘要：A recent study has suggested that the stimulus responses of cortical neural populations follow a critical power law. More precisely, the power spectrum of the covariance matrix of neural responses follows a power law with an exponent indicating that the neural manifold lies on the edge of differentiability. This criticality is hypothesized to balance expressivity and robustness in neural encoding, as population responses on a nondifferential fractal manifold are thought to be overly sensitive ...