Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Coding relationship links RNA G-quadruplexes and protein RGG motifs in RNA-binding protein autoregulation AI翻译
  作者：Adlhart, Marlene; Hoffmann, Daniel; Polyansky, Anton A.; Zagrovic, Bojan
  作者单位：Medical University of Vienna; University of Vienna; Vienna Biocenter (VBC); Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL); University of Vienna
  摘要：RNA G-quadruplexes (rG4s), the four-stranded structures formed by guanine-rich RNA sequences, are recognized by regions in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that are enriched arginine-glycine repeats (RGG motifs). Importantly, arginine and glycine are encoded guanine-rich codons, suggesting that some RGG motifs may both be encoded by and interact with rG4s in autogenous messenger RNAs (mRNAs). By analyzing transcriptome-wide rG4 datasets, we show that hundreds of RGG motifs in humans are at least pa...
• The Pseudomonas ligninolytic catalytic network reveals the importance of auxiliary enzymes in lignin biocatalysts AI翻译
  作者：Liang, Congying; Lin, Lu; Xu, Tao; Kang, Guoqiang; Liu, Zhi-Hua; Li, Bing-Zhi
  作者单位：Shandong University; Tianjin University; Tianjin University
  摘要：Lignin degradation by biocatalysts is a key strategy to develop a plant- based sustainable carbon economy and thus alleviate global climate change. This process involves synergy between ligninases and auxiliary enzymes. However, auxiliary enzymes within secretomes, which are composed of thousands of enzymes, remain enigmatic, although several ligninolytic enzymes have been well characterized. Moreover, it is a challenge to understand synergistic lignin degradation via a diverse array of enzyme...
• Can science- based interventions tamp down polarization? AI翻译
  作者：Waldrop, M. Mitchell
• Nitrous oxide production via enzymatic nitroxyl from the nitrifying archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus AI翻译
  作者：Voland, Robert W.; Wang, Hongsen; Abruna, Hector D.; Lancaster, Kyle M.
  作者单位：Cornell University
  摘要：Ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) are among the most abundant microorganisms on earth and are known to be a major source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, although biochemical origins of this N2O remain unknown. Enzymological details ofAOA nitrogen metabolism are broadly unavailable. We report the recombinant expression, purification, and characterization of a multicopper oxidase, Nmar_1354, from the AOA Nitrosopumilus maritimus. We show that Nmar_1354 selectively produces nitroxyl (HNO) by coup...
• Plant BCL- DOMAIN HOMOLOG proteins play a conserved role in SWI/SNF complex stability AI翻译
  作者：Candela-Ferre, Joan; Perez-Alemany, Jaime; Diego-Martin, Borja; Pandey, Vijaya; Wohlschlegel, James; Lozano-Juste, Jorge; Gallego-Bartolome, Javier
  作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Universitat Politecnica de Valencia; CSIC-UPV - Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP); University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
  摘要：The SWItch/Sucrose Non- Fermenting (SWI/SNF) complexes are evolutionarily con-served, ATP- dependent chromatin remodelers crucial for multiple nuclear functions in eukaryotes. Recently, plant BCL- DOMAIN HOMOLOG (BDH) proteins were identified as shared subunits of all plant SWI/SNF complexes, significantly impacting chromatin accessibility and various developmental processes in Arabidopsis. In this study, we performed a comprehensive characterization of bdh mutants, revealing the role of BDH i...
• Escalation of genome defense capacity enables control of an expanding meiotic driver AI翻译
  作者：Chen, Peiwei; Pan, Katherine C.; Park, Eunice H.; Luo, Yicheng; Lee, Yuh Chwen G.; Aravin, Alexei A.
  作者单位：California Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
  摘要：From RNA interference to chromatin silencing, diverse genome defense pathways silence selfish genetic elements to safeguard genome integrity. Despite their diversity, different defense pathways share a modular organization, where numerous specificity factors identify diverse targets and common effectors silence them. In the PIWI- interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway, target RNAs are first identified by complementary base pairing with piRNAs and then silenced by PIWI-clade nucleases. Such a binary a...
• Structural basis for TIR domain-mediated innate immune signaling by Toll- like receptor adaptors TRIF and TRAM AI翻译
  作者：Manik, Mohammad K.; Pan, Mengqi; Xiao, Le; Gu, Weixi; Kim, Hyoyoung; Pospich, Sabrina; Hedger, Andrew; Vajjhala, Parimala R.; Lee, Morris Y. L.; Qian, Xiaoqi; Landsberg, Michael J.; Ve, Thomas; Nanson, Jeffrey D.; Raunser, Stefan; Stacey, Katryn J.; Wu, Hao; Kobe, Bostjan
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Boston Children's Hospital; Program in Cellular & Molecular Medicine (PCMM); University of Queensland; University of Queensland; University of Queensland; Max Planck Society; Griffith University; Griffith University - Gold Coast Campus; Charles Sturt University
  摘要：Innate immunity relies on Toll- like receptors (TLRs) to detect pathogen- associated molecadaptor molecule) are essential for MyD88- independent TLR signaling. However, the structural basis of TRIF and TRAM TIR domain-based signaling remains unclear. Here, we present cryo- EM structures of filaments formed by TRIF and TRAM TIR domains at resolutions of 3.3 & Aring; and 5.6 & Aring;, respectively. Both structures reveal two- stranded parallel helical arrangements. Functional studies underscore ...
• The scientific value of Mars Sample Return Introduction AI翻译
  作者：McSween, Harry Y.; Thiemens, Mark H.
  作者单位：University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University of California System; University of California San Diego
• TRAMP assembly alters the conformation and RNA binding of Mtr4 and Trf4-Air2 AI翻译
  作者：Denson, Joshua M.; Zhang, Naifu; Ball, Darby; Thompson, Kayla; Johnson, Sean J.; D'Arcy, Sheena
  作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Bristol-Myers Squibb
  摘要：The TRAMP complex contains two enzymatic activities essential for RNA processing upstream of the nuclear exosome. Within TRAMP, RNA is 3 ' ' polyadenylated by a subcomplex of Trf4/5 and Air1/2 and unwound 3 ' ' to 5 ' ' by Mtr4, a DExH helicase. The molecular mechanisms of TRAMP assembly and RNA shuffling between the two TRAMP catalytic sites are poorly understood. Here, we report solution hydrogen-deute- rium exchange data with thermodynamic and functional assays to uncover these mecha- nisms...
• Retinal ganglion cells encode the direction of motion outside their classical receptive field AI翻译
  作者：Riccitelli, Serena; Yaakov, Hadar; Heukamp, Alina S.; Ankri, Lea; Etzion, Michal Rivlin -
  作者单位：Weizmann Institute of Science
  摘要：Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) typically respond to light stimulation over their spatially restricted receptive field. Using large- scale recordings in the mouse retina, we show that motion direction, in response to a stimulus crossing an area far beyond the classic receptive field. The extraclassical response arises via inputs from an asymmetric distal zone and is enhanced by desensitization mechanisms and an inherent DS component, creating a network of neurons responding to motion toward the ...