Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• A splendid molecular factory: De-and reconstruction of the mammalian respiratory chain AI翻译
  作者：Rimle, Lukas; Phillips, Ben P.; Barra, Isabela M. Codo Costa; Arnold, Noelle; Hennebert, Charlie; Meier, Thomas; von Ballmoos, Christoph
  作者单位：University of Bern; Imperial College London; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
  摘要：Mitochondrial respiratory complexes I to IV and the F1Fo-ATP synthase (complex V) are large protein assemblies producing the universal cellular energy currency adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Individual complexes have been extensively studied in vitro, but functional co-reconstitution of several mammalian complexes into proteoliposomes, in particular, the combination of a primary pump with the ATP synthase, is less well understood. Here, we present a generic and scalable strategy to purify mamma...
• How nidoviruses evolved the largest known RNA genomes AI翻译
  作者：Dolja, Valerian V.
  作者单位：Oregon State University
• Physical proximity drives gay discrimination in the gig economy AI翻译
  作者：Smerdon, David; Pearson, Samuel; Albrecht, Sabina
  作者单位：University of Queensland; University of Queensland
  摘要：to detect and measure in labor markets. We present evidence from a field experiment (N = 1,128) conducted in Australia on a major gig economy platform that allows users to outsource everyday tasks. By manipulating both the sexual orientation of job posters (gay vs. straight male) and physical proximity requirements of tasks (inside vs. outside the home), we identify discrimination against gay profiles and demonstrate a specific mechanism for its emergence: physical proximity. Gay profiles rece...
• Protein interactions, calcium, phosphorylation, and cholesterol modulate CFTR cluster formation on membranes AI翻译
  作者：Wan, Yimei; Hudson, Rhea; Smith, Jordyn; Forman-Kay, Julie D.; Ditlev, Jonathon A.
  作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); University of Toronto; Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids); Yale University; Stanford University
  摘要：The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride channel whose dysfunction leads to intracellular accumulation of chloride ions, dehydration of cell surfaces, and subsequent damage to airway and ductal organs. Beyond its function as a chloride channel, interactions between CFTR, epithelium sodium channel, and solute carrier (SLC) transporter family membrane proteins and cytoplasmic proteins, including calmodulin and Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor- 1 (NHERF- 1), ...
• Comparing color qualia structures through a similarity task in young children versus adults AI翻译
  作者：Moriguchi, Yusuke; Watanabe, Ryoichi; Sakata, Chifumi; Johnston, Ariel Zeleznikow-; Wang, Jue; Saji, Noburo; Tsuchiya, Naotsugu
  作者单位：Kyoto University; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Monash University; Monash University; Waseda University; National Institute of Information & Communications Technology (NICT) - Japan
  摘要：Examination of the subjective qualitative aspects of an experience, or qualia in short, is a fundamental and core aspect of consciousness research. How can we characterize the particular quality of redness, i.e. a red quale? Based on a recent proposal of the structural characterization of qualia, which did not rely on verbal descriptions, we developed a task that obtained pairwise similarity judgments at four graded levels, with easy and intuitive visual interfaces designed to engage young chi...
• Archaeology and traversing America's pre- Columbian fault line AI翻译
  作者：Thomas, David Hurst
  作者单位：American Museum of Natural History (AMNH)
• Deep learning to quantify the pace of brain aging in relation to neurocognitive changes AI翻译
  作者：Yin, Chenzhong; Imms, Phoebe; Chowdhury, Nahian F.; Chaudhari, Nikhil N.; Ping, Heng; Wang, Haoqing; Bogdan, Paul; Irimia, Andrei
  作者单位：University of Southern California; University of Southern California; University of Southern California; University of Southern California; University of London; King's College London
  摘要：Brain age (BA), distinct from chronological age (CA), can be estimated from MRIs to evaluate neuroanatomic aging in cognitively normal (CN) individuals. BA, however, is a cross-sectional measure that summarizes cumulative neuroanatomic aging since birth. Thus, it conveys poorly recent or contemporaneous aging trends, which can be better quantified by the (temporal) pace P of brain aging. Many approaches to map P, however, rely on quantifying DNA methylation in whole-blood cells, which the bloo...
• eDNA confirms lower trophic interactions help to modulate population outbreaks of the notorious crown- of- thorns sea star AI翻译
  作者：Wolfe, Kennedy; Desbiens, Amelia A.; Patel, Frances; Kwong, Sarah; Fisher, Eric; Mumby, Peter J.; Uthicke, Sven
  作者单位：University of Queensland; Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); Australian Institute of Marine Science; James Cook University
  摘要：Variability in predator-prey interactions can modulate population dynamics with impacts scalable to entire ecosystems. As notorious corallivores, crown-of-thorns sea stars (CoTS; Acanthaster spp.) have caused extensive losses of coral habitat during unexplained population outbreaks across the Indo-Pacific. While predation of adult CoTS may help to suppress their outbreaks, it does not sufficiently explain their profound boom-bust dynamics and so remains equivocal. Factors influencing early pos...
• Input-driven circuit reconfiguration in critical recurrent neural networks AI翻译
  作者：Magnasco, Marcelo O.
  作者单位：Rockefeller University
  摘要：Changing a circuit dynamically, without actually changing the hardware itself, is called reconfiguration, and is of great importance due to its manifold technological applications. Circuit reconfiguration appears to be a feature of the cerebral cortex, so understanding the dynamical principles underlying self-reconfiguration may prove of import to elucidate brain function. We present a very simple example of dynamical reconfiguration: a family of networks whose signal pathways can be switched ...
• Direct control of electron spin at an intrinsically chiral surface for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Xia; Peralta, Mayra; Li, Xiaodong; Moellers, Paul, V; Zhou, Dong; Merz, Patrick; Burkhardt, Ulrich; Borrmann, Horst; Shekhar, Chandra; Zacharias, Helmut; Feng, Xinliang; Felser, Claudia
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; Technische Universitat Dresden; Technische Universitat Dresden; University of Munster; Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School; Tsinghua University; Max Planck Society
  摘要：The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media suffers from sluggish kinetics, primarily due to the spin- dependent electron transfer involved. The direct generation of spin- polarized electrons at catalytic surfaces remains elusive, and the underlying mechanisms are still controversial due to the lack of intrinsically chiral catalysts. To address this challenge, we investigate topological homochiral PdGa (TH PdGa) crystals with intrinsically chiral catalytic surfaces for ORR. Through spi...