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作者：Yi, Yuanbi; Tanentzap, Andrew J.; He, Chen; Merder, Julian; Osterholz, Helena; Bao, Hongyan; Hawkes, Jeffrey A.; Cai, Ruanhong; Li, Si-Liang; Shi, Quan; Xu, Sheng; Zhang, Chuanlun; Liu, Cong-Qiang; Zhao, Meixun; He, Ding
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作者：Alston, Henry; Rouches, Mason; Murugan, Arvind; Walczak, Aleksandra M.; Mora, Thierry
作者单位：Sorbonne Universite; Universite PSL; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Universite Paris Cite; University of Chicago
摘要：Biomolecular condensates form on timescales of seconds in cells upon environmental or compositional changes. Condensate formation is thus argued to act as a mechanism for sensing such changes and quickly initiating downstream processes, such as forming stress granules in response to heat stress and amplifying cyclic GMP-AMP synthase enzymatic activity upon detection of cytosolic DNA. Here, we study a dynamical model of droplet nucleation and growth to demonstrate how phase separation allows ce...
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作者：Ganguly, Akansha; Humnabadkar, Aabha; Gautam, Komal; Willemsen, Viola; Xu, Lin; Dagdas, Yasin; Prasad, Kalika
作者单位：Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER) Pune; Wageningen University & Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, CAS; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg
摘要：Injury-induced disruption of cellular homeostasis leads to accumulation of stress at sites adjacent to a wound. How do these cells mitigate wound-induced stress and restore cellular homeostasis to promote regeneration? To address this question, we examined the role of autophagy-a conserved quality control pathway that recycles defective cellular components to sustain cellular homeostasis-in facilitating wound repair in plants. We demonstrate that transcriptional activation of autophagy-related...
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作者：Shan, Haozhe; Li, Qianyi; Sompolinsky, Haim
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Columbia University; Columbia University; Harvard University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：Continual learning (CL) enables animals to learn new tasks without erasing prior knowledge. CL in artificial neural networks (NNs) is challenging due to catastrophic forgetting, where new learning degrades performance on older tasks. While various techniques exist to mitigate forgetting, theoretical insights into when and why CL fails in NNs are lacking. Here, we present a statistical-mechanics theory of CL in deep, wide NNs, which characterizes the network's input-output mapping as it learns ...
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作者：Singer, Philipp
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作者：Weissman, Daniel B.
作者单位：Emory University
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作者：Zhang, La; Ren, Cong; He, Miao; Chen, Xinyu; Liu, Hongqing; Liu, Yilin; Luo, Jing; Li, Zhenghang; Wang, Jianwei; Miao, Wenjun; Peng, Qiling; Jiang, Ning
作者单位：Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing University; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Medical University
摘要：Mitochondrial crosstalk between tumor cells and components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical yet underexplored mechanism driving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Here, we demonstrate that in HCC, mitochondria can be transferred from hepatic stellate cells to cancer cells via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), supplying essential energy for tumor growth. Simultaneously, cancer cells offload damaged mitochondria to macrophages through extracellular vesicles (EVs), facilitatin...
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作者：Berazategui, Maria Agustina; Goodwin, Ione; Lansink, Lianne I. M.; Gull, Keith; Rudenko, Gloria; Sunter, Jack D.; Faria, Joana R. C.; Wheeler, Richard J.; Tiengwe, Calvin
作者单位：Imperial College London; University of York - UK; University of Oxford; Oxford Brookes University; University of Edinburgh
摘要：Antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) requires monoallelic expression of one variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) from one of the subtelomeric bloodstream form (BSF) expression sites (BESs). This transcription is unusually mediated by RNA polymerase I (RNA PolI) and occurs in a specialized nuclear body, the expression site body (ESB). While factors promoting active BES transcription and silencing inactive BESs are known, how these opposing activities are integrated remains unknow...
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作者：Ciampa, Claire J.; Morin, Thomas M.; Parent, Jourdan H.; Adornato, Alex; Cowan, Jordyn L.; O'Malley, Katherine; Marcus, Rachel E.; Gordon, Charlee; Howard, James D.; Tambini, Arielle; Cusin, Cristina; Hooker, Jacob; Berry, Anne S.
作者单位：Brandeis University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Brandeis University
摘要：Deficits in dopamine function cause alterations in episodic memory. Converging evidence implicates dopamine in postencoding hippocampal mechanisms inferred to support long-term memory, though there is a lack of direct evidence in humans. We address this gap using pharmacological functional MRI (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Using a motivated reward encoding task on and off oral methylphenidate, we tested whether individual differences in baseline dopamine ([11C]raclopride PET D...
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作者：Dariel, Aurelie; Ham, John C.; Nikiforakis, Nikos; Stoop, Jan
作者单位：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; New York University; New York University; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Tilburg University
摘要：Behavioral research has been criticized for relying on demographically narrow WEIRD samples-Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic. While recent work has expanded to explore cross-country behavioral differences, the study of within-country variation has largely focused on gender, ignoring race and ethnicity-so much so that the W in WEIRD might as well stand for White. Using incentivized tasks and a large, stratified sample of U.S. adults, we document substantial racial and eth...
