6期

最新文章

• How earthquakes organize stress AI翻译
  作者：Brodsky, Emily E.; Farge, Gaspard
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; Universite PSL; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS)
  摘要：Stress is not uniform in the Earth. Therefore, we must use natural experiments to measure the distribution of stresses and related quantities, rather than single values. For instance, dynamic triggering shows that faults are uniformly distributed over their loading cycles in Southern California. The probability that a fault ruptures across a barrier measures the in situ energy distribution. Fault roughness refects the distribution of strength. These natural experiments produce observable distr...
• Ancestral and local adaptation contribute to dispersal out of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in a bumblebee AI翻译
  作者：Jiang, Chunyan; Yue, Lei; Jin, Dacheng; Zou, Ruting; Wang, Yu; Li, Biao; Du, Xuexiao; Huang, Xianliang; Sun, Yingmin; Wang, Renze; An, Jiandong; Cao, Lijun; Du, Huilong; Huang, Jiaxing; Chen, Bing
  作者单位：Hebei University; Institute of Apicultural Research, CAAS; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Apicultural Research, CAAS; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hebei University
  摘要：The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) region is the greatest hotspot of social bumblebee diversity worldwide. However, how the high diversity of bumblebees in the QTP evolved and contributed to their diversification in adjacent and far-reaching regions remains unclear. Here, we explored this question using a widespread bumblebee species, Bombus pyrosoma. Phylogenomic analysis revealed a history of dispersal out of the QTP and distinct lineage divergence along elevations within the species. Four majo...
• Transmission through muscle tissue shapes polarization signals during cuttlefish courtship AI翻译
  作者：Nakayama, Arata; Ohnuki, Ryosuke; Yoshioka, Shinya; Ogawa, Nobuhiro; Kushihiki, Toshihiko; Momoi, Shunsuke; Sato, Noriyosi; Kawamura, Tomohiko; Iwata, Yoko
  作者单位：University of Tokyo; Tokyo University of Science; Tokai University
  摘要：Flamboyant sexual ornaments serve as conspicuous visual signals optimized to the visual receptors and perception of potential mates. While numerous studies have explored the mechanisms and functions of body coloration as a sexual signal, the role of another essential property of light-polarization-remains largely unexplored. Specifically, the question of whether and how polarization signals achieve high conspicuousness under sexual selection, including their visibility and associated behaviora...
• A method to study and enhance the energy efficiency of soft electrostatic actuators AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Steven L.; Fukushima, Toshihiko; Kirkman, Sophie; Koh, Soo Jin Adrian; Rothemund, Philipp; Keplinger, Christoph
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Stuttgart; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
  摘要：Actuators drive robotic motion, and their energy conversion efficiency is a key performance metric that informs power consumption. Soft electrostatic actuators promise new opportunities for bioinspired and wearable robotics, being driven by electrical signals and producing high-speed, muscle-like motion. Unlike electromagnetic motors, for which efficiency has been systematically studied, efficiency of soft actuators lacks a standardized definition and measurement method, highlighting the need ...
• Reply to Compton et al.: Another paradoxical misunderstanding AI翻译
  作者：Butler, George; Baker, Joanna; Amend, Sarah R.; Pienta, Kenneth J.; Venditti, Chris
  作者单位：University of London; University College London; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Medicine; University of Reading; Open University - UK
• Harnessing hemostasis to transform surgical scars into CAR-T immunological niches AI翻译
  作者：Cheng, Xiao; Cheng, Ke
  作者单位：Columbia University; Columbia University
• Oxidizing pollutants can disrupt nestmate recognition in ants AI翻译
  作者：Jiang, Nan- Ji; Bhat, Bhoomika Ashok; Briceno-Aguilar, Eduardo; Lehmann, Angela; Ulrich, Yuko; Hansson, Bill S.; Knaden, Markus
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture; Agriculture Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, CAAS; Max Planck Society; Max Planck Society
  摘要：Eusocial hymenoptera recognize nestmates based on colony-specific profiles of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). While these profiles contain a variety of alkanes, the less abundant alkenes are crucial for nestmate recognition [F. R. Dani et al., Chem. Senses 30, 477-489 (2005)]. However, due to their carbon-carbon double bonds, alkenes can easily become degraded by oxidants. One of those oxidants, ozone, that usually reaches concentrations of 10 ppb in nonurban areas and ca 30 ppb in cities nowad...
• Integration of fear learning and fear expression across the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus AI翻译
  作者：Pompili, Marco N.; Hamou, Noe; Wiener, Sidney I.
  作者单位：Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Aix-Marseille Universite; Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm); Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Universite PSL; CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB); College de France
  摘要：Classically, the dorsal and ventral hippocampus are thought to play distinct roles in fear conditioning, with the dorsal hippocampus primarily handling information about environmental cues and contexts, and the ventral hippocampus more involved in emotional processing. Both functions are essential for the learning and expression of conditioned fear responses, but how these processes are integrated remains largely unexplored. In this study, we simultaneously recorded single-unit activity from t...
• Topological signatures of collective dynamics and turbulent-like energy cascades in apolar active granular matter AI翻译
  作者：Zheng, Zihan; Jiang, Cunyuan; Chen, Yangrui; Baggioli, Matteo; Zhang, Jie
  作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Jiao Tong University
  摘要：Active matter refers to a broad class of nonequilibrium systems where energy is continuously injected at the level of individual particles. These systems exhibit emergent collective behaviors that have no direct thermal-equilibrium counterpart. Their scale ranges from micrometer-sized swarms of bacteria to meter-scale human crowds. In recent years, the role of topology and self-propelled topological defects in active systems has garnered significant attention, particularly in polar and nematic...
• Toddlers expect ingroup loyalty to override personal preferences when outgroups are present AI翻译
  作者：Bian, Lin; Baillargeon, Renee
  作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  摘要：When outgroups are present, adults may endorse ingroup choices that are at odds with their personal preferences, in an outward show of ingroup loyalty.Here, we examined whether 2-y-old toddlers (N = 108) might already understand such shows of loyalty. In three violation-of-expectation experiments, toddlers watched interactions among a target individual, an ingroup member, and an outgroup member; group memberships were marked with novel labels. In the critical trials, the target individual chos...