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作者：Cabral, Marika; Dillender, Marcus
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; Vanderbilt University
摘要：Leveraging unique administrative data and a sharp increase in benefit generosity in a difference-in-differences research design, we estimate the impact of workers' compensation wage replacement benefits on individual behavior and program costs. We find that and increased medical spending. Responses along these two margins are equally important drivers of increased program costs, collectively increasing program costs 1.4 times the mechanical increase in costs. Using these estimates and an estim...
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作者：Lavy, Victor; Megalokonomou, Rigissa
作者单位：University of Warwick; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Queensland; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We examine the persistence of teachers' gender biases by following teachers over time in different classes. We find a very high correlation of gender biases for teachers across their classes. We find a substantial impact of gender bias on student performance in university admissions exams , choice of university field of study , and quality of the enrolled program. The effects on university choice outcomes are larger for girls , explaining some gender differences in STEM majors. Teachers with l...
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作者：O'connell, Martin; Smith, Kate
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We study how market power impacts the efficiency and redistributive properties of sin taxation, with an empirical application to sugar-sweetened beverage taxation. We estimate an equilibrium model of the UK drinks market, which we embed in a tax design framework to solve for optimal sugar-sweetened beverage tax policy. Positive price-cost margins for drinks create inefficiencies that lower the optimal rate compared with a perfectly competitive setting. Since profits mainly accrue to the rich, ...
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作者：Becker, Sascha O.; Lindenthal, Volker; Mukand, Sharun W.; Waldinger, Fabian
作者单位：Monash University; University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Munich; University of Warwick; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; University of Munich
摘要：We study the role of professional networks in facilitating emigration of Jewish academics dismissed from their positions by the Nazi government. We use individual -level exogenous variation in the timing of dismissals to estimate causal effects. Academics with more ties to early emigres ( emigrated 1933-1934 ) were more likely to emigrate. Early emigres functioned as bridging nodes that facilitated emigration to their own destination. We also provide evidence of decay in social ties over time ...
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作者：Aizer, Anna; Cho, Sungwoo; Eli, Shari; Lleras-muney, Adriana
作者单位：Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of Toronto
摘要：We use newly collected data for 16,000 women who applied for Mothers' Pensions , America's first welfare program , to investigate the effect of means -tested cash transfers on lifetime family structure and maternal well-being. In the short term , cash transfers delayed marriage and lowered geographic mobility. In the long run , transfers had no impact on the probability of remarriage , spouse quality , or fertility. Cash transfers did not affect women's well-being , measured by longevity and f...
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作者：Vlassopoulos, Michael; Siddique, Abu; Rahman, Tabassum; Pakrashi, Debayan; Islam, Asad; Ahmed, Firoz
作者单位：University of Southampton; University of London; Royal Holloway University London; University of Melbourne; Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata; Indian Institute of Technology System (IIT System); Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Kanpur; Monash University; Technical University of Munich; Khulna University
摘要：This paper evaluates a randomized, over-the-phone counseling intervention aimed at mitigating the mental health impact of COVID - 19 on a sample of 2,402 women across 357 villages in Bangladesh. We find that the provision of two hours of mental support plus information on COVID-19 improves mental health ten months postintervention , leading to reductions of 20 percent in the prevalence of moderate and severe stress and 33 percent in depression. Our results suggest that this type of low-cost in...
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作者：Rozenas, Arturas; Talibova, Roya; Zhukov, Yuri M.
作者单位：New York University; Harvard University; Georgetown University
摘要：We utilize over 100 million declassified Red Army personnel records from World War II to study how state repression shapes soldiers' motivation to exert effort in fighting. Exploiting multiple complementary identification strategies , we find that soldiers from places with higher levels of prewar repression under Stalin's rule were more likely to fight until death and less likely to shirk their duties , but they also received fewer decorations for personal bravery. The coercive incentives crea...
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作者：Trachtman, Hannah
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：Impact evaluations of behavioral interventions typically focus on target outcomes. Might interventions induce negative spillovers on other behaviors? I run a large field experiment in which individuals receive combinations of messages and incentives promoting two healthy behaviors , meditation and meal logging. I find that the interventions reduce completion rates of the opposite behavior by 19 - 29 percent. I find that interventions with larger target effects do not necessarily generate large...
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作者：Ash, Elliott; Chen, Daniel l.; Ornaghi, Arianna
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; Hertie School
摘要：Do gender attitudes influence interactions with female judges in US circuit courts? In this paper, we propose a judge-specific measure of gender attitudes based on use of gender-stereotyped language in the judge's authored opinions. Exploiting quasi-random assignment of judges to cases and conditioning on judges' characteristics, we validate the measure showing that higher-slant judges vote more conservatively in gender-related cases. Higher-slant judges interact differently with female collea...
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作者：Campante, Filipe; Depetris-chauvin, Emilio; Durante, Ruben
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; National University of Singapore; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We study how public anxiety over the threat of a disease outbreak can affect voter behavior by looking at the Ebola scare that hit the United States in 2014. Exploiting timing and locations of the four cases diagnosed in the country, we show that heightened concern about Ebola led to a lower Democratic vote share and lower turnout, despite no evidence of a general anti-incumbent effect (including President Obama). Voters displayed increasingly conservative attitudes on immigration, but not on ...
