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作者：Baran, Cavit; Chyn, Eric; Stuart, Bryan A.
作者单位：Sabanci University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：This paper studies the impact of the First Great Migration on children. We use the complete -count 1940 census to estimate selection -corrected place effects on education for children of Black migrants. On average , Black children gained 0.8 years of schooling ( 12 percent ) by moving from the South to the North. Many counties that had the strongest positive impacts on children during the 1940s offer relatively poor opportunities for Black youth today. Opportunities for Black children were gre...
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作者：Farronato, Chiara; Fradkin, Andrey; Larsen, Bradley J.; Brynjolfsson, Erik
作者单位：Harvard University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research; Boston University; Washington University (WUSTL); Stanford University
摘要：We study the demand and supply implications of occupational licensing using transaction -level data from a large online platform for home improvement services. We find that demand is more responsive to a professional's reviews than to the professional's platform -verified licensing status. We show some evidence that consumers view licenses and reviews as substitutes. We confirm the generality of our findings off the platform in an independent consumer survey. Combining state -level licensing r...
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作者：Crepon, Bruno; El Komi, Mohamed; Osman, Adam
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB); American University Cairo; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：Is the type of financial support provided to businesses more important than which businesses receive it? Loans and grants can lead to differences in optimal investments and in scope for moral hazard. We randomize 3,293 business loan applicants into receiving a loan, cash grant, in -kind grant, or nothing. All treatments equally increase income, yet there are large differences within a treatment group with impacts concentrated at the top of the distribution. Those who succeed with loans are obs...
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作者：Ochsner, Christian; Roesel, Felix
作者单位：Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Czech Academy of Sciences; Braunschweig University of Technology; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We show that history stored in collective memories and activated by political campaigns can create xenophobia and radicalization. Turkish troops besieged Vienna in 1529 and 1683 and pillaged individual Austrian villages , killing and kidnapping in the process. Attacked places remember those events well but never expressed aversion to Muslims until far-right populists started to campaign against Turks and Muslims in the mid - 2000s. We find anti-Muslim sentiments and far-right voting surge in p...
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作者：Belloc, Marianna; Drago, Francesco; Fochesato, Mattia; Galbiati, Roberto
作者单位：Sapienza University Rome; University of Catania; Bocconi University; Bocconi University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：By using hand-collected data on households'wealth assessments , we study multigenerational mobility in Florence during the late Middle Ages. We find that Florentine society was more mobile than one would expect but also that multigenerational mobility was lower than implied by two-generation estimates. We reconcile these findings by showing their consistency with a model where wealth transmission is governed by an unobserved latent factor. We also show that , given our estimates , this model i...
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作者：Asher, Sam; Novosad, Paul; Rafkin, Charlie
作者单位：Imperial College London; Dartmouth College; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We study intergenerational mobility in India. We propose a new measure of upward mobility: the expected education rank of a child born to parents in the bottom half of the education distribution. This measure works well under data constraints common in developing countries and historical contexts. Intergenerational mobility in India has been constant and low since before liberalization. Among sons , we observe rising mobility for Scheduled Castes and declining mobility among Muslims. Daughters...
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作者：Dean, Joshua T.
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Noisy workplaces common in low- and middle-income countries can impair workers' cognitive functions. However, whether this lowers earnings depends on the importance of these functions for productivity and whether workers understand these effects. I study these questions with two randomized experiments in Nairobi, Kenya. I find a noise increase of 7 dB reduces productivity in a textile training course by 3 percent, impairs cognitive function, but does not affect effort. I also find willingness ...
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作者：Amodio, Francesco; Chiovelli, Giorgio; Hohmann, Sebastian
作者单位：McGill University; McGill University; Universidad de Montevideo
摘要：We study the labor market consequences of ethnic politics in African democracies. Using subnational georeferenced data from 15 countries from 1996 to 2017 , we compare individuals from ethnicities linked to parties at the margin of electing a representative in the national parliament. Having a local ethnic party politician in parliament increases the likelihood of being employed by 2 - 3 percentage points. The effect is concentrated in the agricultural sector and mostly driven by self-employme...
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作者：Morten, Melanie; Oliveira, Jaqueline
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A large body of literature studies how infrastructure facilitates trade. We ask whether infrastructure also facilitates migration. Using a general equilibrium trade model and rich spatial data, we study the impact of a large, plausibly exogenous shock to highways in Brazil on both goods and labor markets. We find the highway system increased welfare by 2.8 percent, of which 76 percent was due to reduced trade costs and 24 percent to reduced migration costs. An implication of costly migration i...
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作者：Gallego, Francisco A.; Philippi, Cristian Larroulet; Repetto, Andrea
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; University of Cambridge; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：This paper examines how improving dental health affects economic, social, and psychological outcomes. In a randomized experiment, we provide a low-income group free dental care, including prostheses, and find significant and persistent impacts on men's and women's dental and self -perceived mental health. For women, treatment generates improvement in self-esteem, a higher likelihood of smiling when photographed, short -run improvements in employment and earnings, and improvement in partner int...
