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作者：Lepage, Louis-Pierre
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：I study discrimination arising from individual experiences of employers with worker groups. I present a model in which employers are uncertain about the productivity of one of two groups and learn through hiring. Positive experiences lead to positive biases, which correct themselves by leading to more hiring and learning. Negative experiences decrease hiring and learning, preserving negative biases, which can cause persistent discrimination. The model explains prejudice as incorrect statistica...
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作者：Cohen, Elior
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Kansas City
摘要：This study measures the impact of rapidly placing single adults experiencing homelessness in housing programs on future homelessness, crime, and health. Using a caseworker placement tendencies design and a novel dataset constructed by linking administrative records from multiple public agencies in Los Angeles County, I estimate that rapidly placing individuals in housing programs significantly reduces the likelihood of future return to the homeless support system, crime, and reliance on emerge...
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作者：de Chaisemartin, Clement; Ramirez-Cuellar, Jaime
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Microsoft
摘要：In matched pairs experiments in which one cluster per pair of clusters is assigned to treatment, to estimate treatment effects, researchers often regress their outcome on a treatment indicator and pair fixed effects, clustering standard errors at the unit -of -randomization level. We show that even if the treatment has no effect, a 5 percentlevel t -test based on this regression will wrongly conclude that the treatment has an effect up to 16.5 percent of the time. To fix this problem, research...
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作者：Xu, Huayu; Adhvaryu, Achyuta
作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We study the human capital effects of access to elite bureaucratic jobs in Taiwan , where performance on an examination determines entry into the civil service. Historically , quotas for successful applicants were set based on the 1948 populations of individuals' native provinces in mainland China. This resulted in a higher probability of success on the exam-and , thus , greater access to elite positions-for descendants of certain migrant groups. These preferential quotas were replaced in 1962...
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作者：Bhuller, Manudeep; Havnes, Tartei; Mccauley, Jeremy; Mogstad, Magne
作者单位：University of Oslo; Statistics Norway; University of Bristol; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Combining rich data from the Norwegian media market with exogenous variation in the availability and adoption of broadband internet , this paper provides causal evidence on how the internet affected traditional print media. Broadband internet adoption triggered large reductions in print readership and circulation and equally large increases in online news readership. Despite strong substitution from print to online news consumption , newspaper revenues fell dramatically. Newspapers responded t...
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作者：Christensen, Hans B.; Maffett, Mark; Rauter, Thomas
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of Miami
摘要：We examine how foreign corruption regulation affects the economic benefits communities receive from extraction activities in the resource-rich areas of Africa. After a mid-2000s increase in enforcement of the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), nighttime luminosity increases by 15 percent (5 percent) in communities within a 10 -kilometer (25 -kilometer) radius of affected extraction facilities. Cash-wage employment also increases significantly, suggesting that the economic benefits are no...
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作者：Jackson, C. Kirabo; Mackevicius, Claire L.
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：We conduct meta -analysis on a comprehensive set of studies of the impacts of US K-12 public school spending on student outcomesestimating average marginal impacts and heterogeneity across contexts. On average, a policy increasing spending by $1,000 per pupil for four years improves test scores by 0.0316a and college -going by 2.8 pp. Moving beyond averages, we use estimates of heterogeneity and observable policy differences to produce informative probability distributions of policy effects. E...
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作者：Emanuel, Natalia; Harrington, Emma
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; University of Virginia
摘要：How does remote work affect productivity and how productive are workers who choose remote jobs? We decompose these effects in a Fortune 500 firm. Before COVID-19, remote workers answered 12 percent fewer calls per hour than on-site workers. After offices closed, the productivity gap narrowed by 4 percent, and formerly on-site workers'call quality and promotion rates declined. Even with everyone remote, an 8 percent productivity gap persisted, indicating negative selection into remote jobs. A c...
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作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Enevoldsen, Nils; Pande, Rohini; Walton, Michael
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Yale University; Yale University; Harvard University
摘要：Two years prior to elections , two-thirds of Delhi municipal councillors learned they had been randomly chosen for a preelection newspaper report card. Treated councillors in high -slum areas increased pro -poor spending , relative both to control counterparts and treated counterparts from low -slum areas. Treated incumbents ineligible to rerun in home wards because of randomly assigned gender quotas were substantially likelier to run elsewhere only if their report card showed a strong pro -po...
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作者：Fischer, Stefanie; Royer, Heather; White, Corey
作者单位：Monash University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Over the last few decades , health care services in the United States have become more geographically centralized. We study how the loss of hospital -based obstetric units in over 400 counties affects maternal and infant health via a difference -in -differences design. We find that closures lead mothers to experience a significant change in birth procedures such as inductions and C -sections. In contrast to concerns voiced in the public discourse , the effects on a range of maternal and infant...
