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作者：Massenkoff, Maxim; Rose, Evan k.
作者单位：United States Department of Defense; United States Navy; Naval Postgraduate School; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We perform a large-scale analysis of the impact of family formation on crime. For mothers, criminal arrests drop precipitously in the first few months of pregnancy, decreasing 50 percent overall. Men show a sustained 20 percent decline in crime that begins around pregnancy, although arrests for domestic violence spike at birth. A separate design using parents of stillborn children to estimate counterfactual arrest rates reinforces the main findings. Marriage, in contrast, is not associated wit...
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作者：Ngo, Diana; Dustan, Andrew
作者单位：Occidental College; William & Mary
摘要：The gender gap in STEM widens during high school due both to differences in student choices and institutional barriers to accessing STEM education. Using rich data from Mexico City's centralized assignment system and a structural model of high school choice, we document strong demand for elite STEM programs and relatively weak demand for non-elite STEM programs. Decomposition and counterfactual simulations demonstrate that most of the gap is due to gendered choices, with males more strongly pr...
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作者：Alexander, Diane; Schnell, Molly
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine how supply-side health insurance generosity affects patient access, use, and health. Exploiting large, exogenous changes in Medicaid reimbursement rates for physicians, we find that increasing payments for new patient office visits reduces reports of providers turning away beneficiaries: closing the gap in payments between Medicaid and private insurers would reduce more than half of disparities in access among adults and would eliminate such disparities among children. We further fi...
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作者：Bozio, Antoine; Garbinti, Bertrand; Goupille-lebret, Jonathan; Guillot, Malka; Piketty, Thomas
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); University of Liege
摘要：We construct series of posttax income for France over the 1900-2018 period and compare them with US series. We quantify the extent of redistribution -the reduction from pretax to posttax inequality -and estimate the contribution of redistribution in explaining differences in posttax inequality. We find that di f ferences in pretax inequality drive most of the differences in posttax inequality between France and the United States, and that changes over time in both countries are mostly due to c...
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作者：Dustmann, Christian; Landerso, Rasmus; Andersen, Lars Hojsgaard
作者单位：University of London; University College London
摘要：This paper studies the effects of a large welfare benefit reduction on the children in the affected families. The welfare cut targeted adult refugees who received residency in Denmark, and it reduced their disposable income by 30 percent on average over the first five years. We show that children exposed to the welfare cut during preschool and school-age obtained lower GPAs, experienced reduced well-being and overall education levels, and suffered lower employment and earnings as adults. Child...
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作者：Koppensteiner, Martin Foureaux; Menezes, Livia
作者单位：University of Surrey; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Birmingham
摘要：We study the effect of maternal dengue infections on birth outcomes using linked administrative records from Brazil estimating maternal fixed -effect specifications. In contrast to previous studies , we find robust evidence for the negative effect of dengue infections on birth weight ( BW ) . The effect is particularly pronounced at lower parts of the BW distribution , with an increase of 15 percent , 67 percent , and 133 percent for low , very low , and extremely low BW , respectively. We als...
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作者：Borghesan, Emilio; Vasey, Gabrielle
作者单位：Princeton University; Concordia College, Alabama
摘要：This paper analyzes a large-scale and long -running distance education program in Mexico. We estimate marginal treatment effects (MTEs) for learning in math and Spanish in telesecundarias relative to traditional Mexican secondary schools using an empirical framework that allows for unobserved sorting on gains. The estimated MTEs reveal that school choice is not random and that the average student experiences significant improvements in both math and Spanish after just one year of attendance in...
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作者：Georges-Kot, Simon; Goux, Dominique; Maurin, Eric
作者单位：Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris
摘要：This paper explores the extent to which workers are willing to trade hours worked for leisure time shared with their spouse. We use the fact that the number and timing of paid vacation days to which French employees are entitled vary in a quasi -random way from year to year along with the dates of public holidays. Self-employed workers do not benefit from public holidays, but we show that a large fraction of them substitute a day of unpaid leisure for a day of paid work whenever their spouse g...
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作者：Arenberg, Samuel; Neller, Seth; Stripling, Sam
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：This paper identifies an important spillover associated with public health insurance: reduced incarceration. In 1990, Congress passed legislation that increased Medicaid eligibility for individuals born after September 30, 1983. We show that Black children born just after the cutoff are 5 percent less likely to be incarcerated by age 28, driven primarily by a decrease in incarcerations connected to financially motivated offenses. Children of other races, who experienced almost no gain in Medic...
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作者：Moreira, Diana; Perez, Santiago
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We use newly digitized data to study the impacts of a historical reform that mandated exams for some employees in the largest US customs -collection districts. Although the reform improved targeted employees' professional backgrounds and reduced turnover , it did not lead to significant improvements in the cost-effectiveness of customs revenue collection. The incomplete reach of the reform was key for this partial success. First , the reform incentivized hiring in exam -exempted positions , di...
