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作者：Sekhri, Sheetal; Shastry, Gauri Kartini
作者单位：University of Virginia; Wellesley College
摘要：The rising rate of chronic disease is a leading driver of the global disease burden. Yet, its determinants are not fully understood. Exploiting the Green Revolution and its expansion in historically groundwater-rich Indian districts, we examine the unanticipated contribution of agricultural productivity growth to the rise in chronic, diet-related diseases. We find that areas with greater adoption of new staple varieties saw an increase in diabetes in men born after the introduction of high-yie...
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作者：Okunogbe, Oyebola
摘要：This paper examines how temporary exposure to a different ethnic region affects national integration, using original survey data from participants in Africa's largest national youth service program. Seven years later, participants randomly assigned to serve in a state with a different ethnic majority are five times more likely to live all across the country compared to those who served in their ethnic region. They have more interethnic romantic relationships and express greater national pride....
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作者：Braakmann, Nils; Chevalier, Arnaud; Wilson, Tanya
作者单位：Newcastle University - UK; University of London; Royal Holloway University London; University of Glasgow
摘要：We provide first evidence that variations in the expected returns to crime affect the location of property crime. Our identification strategy relies on the widely held perception in the United Kingdom that South Asian households store gold jewelry at home. Price movements on the international market for gold exogenously affect the expected gains from burgling these households. Using a neighborhood-level panel on crime and difference-in-differences, we find that burglaries in South Asian neighb...
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作者：Dar, Manzoor H.; De Janvry, Alain; Emerick, Kyle; Sadoulet, Elisabeth; Wiseman, Eleanor
作者单位：CGIAR; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid-Tropics (ICRISAT); University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Tufts University; Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：Information frictions limit the adoption of new agricultural technologies in developing countries. Efforts to improve learning involve spreading information from government agents to farmers. We show that when compared to this government approach , informing private input suppliers in India about a new seed variety increases farmer -level adoption by over 50 percent. Suppliers become more proactive in informing potential customers and carrying the new variety. They induce increased adoption by...
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作者：Helm, Ines; Stuhler, Jan
作者单位：University of Munich; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：We study the fiscal and tax response to intergovernmental grants, exploiting quasi-experimental variation within Germany's fiscal equalization scheme triggered by census revisions of population counts. Municipal budgets do not adjust instantly. Instead, spending and investments adapt within five years to revenue gains, while the adjustment to losses is more rapid. Yet the long-run response is symmetric. The tax response is particularly slow, stretching over more than a decade. Well-known empir...
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作者：Hackmann, Martin B.; Pohl, R. Vincent; Ziebarth, Nicolas R.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Mannheim; University of Mannheim; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Cornell University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：How do patient and provider incentives affect the provision of long-term care? Our analysis of 551,000 nursing home stays yields three main insights. First , due to limited cost -sharing, Medicaidcovered residents prolong their nursing home stays instead of transitioning to community -based care. Second , when facility capacity binds , nursing homes shorten Medicaid stays to admit more profitable out-of-pocket private payers. Third , providers react more elastically to financial incentives tha...
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作者：Thoresson, Anna
作者单位：Uppsala University; Uppsala University
摘要：This paper studies how wages respond to a sudden change in employer concentration by using the deregulation of the Swedish pharmacy industry. The reform involved a substantial and policy -driven increase in the number of employers that varied by local labor market. Exploiting this variation, elasticities of wages with respect to labor market concentration are estimated between -0.025 and -0.061. The positive wage effects from reduced employer concentration are most prevalent for more mobile wo...
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作者：Hershbein, Brad; Stuart, Bryan A.
作者单位：W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：This paper studies how US local labor markets respond to employment losses that occur during recessions. Following recessions from 1973 through 2009 , we find areas that lose more jobs during the recession experience persistent relative declines in employment and population. Most importantly , these local labor markets also experience persistent decreases in the employment -population ratio , earnings per capita , and earnings per worker. Our results imply that limited population responses res...
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作者：Marion, Justin; West, Jeremy
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz
摘要：Governments often privatize the administration of regulations to third-party specialists paid for by the regulated parties. We study how the resulting conflict of interest can have unintended consequences for the distributional impacts of regulation. In Massachusetts, the party responsible for hazardous waste contamination must hire a licensed contractor to quantify the environmental severity. We find that contractors' evaluations favor their clients, exhibiting substantial score bunching just...
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作者：Axbard, Sebastian; Deng, Zichen
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of Amsterdam; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：Government regulations are often imperfectly enforced by public officials. In this study, we exploit the introduction of air pollution monitors in China to investigate whether real-time monitoring of policy outcomes affects the enforcement of existing regulations. Using assignment criteria established by the central government and new georeferenced data on local enforcement activities, we show that monitoring (i) increases enforcement against local firms, (ii) improves the targeting of enforce...
